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Supplier encroachment in competitive supply chains

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  • Li, Tingting
  • Xie, Jinxing
  • Zhao, Xiaobo

Abstract

With the development of e-commerce, wholesale suppliers have opportunities to establish their own direct channels, competing with their retailing channels. It is often referred to as supplier encroachment. While many papers have analyzed encroachment of a monopolistic supplier, none of them study supplier encroachment in competitive supply chains. We first study the case with two non-identical supply chains, and then analyze the case with multiple identical supply chains. We show that, in both cases, the number of the encroaching suppliers in equilibrium decreases monotonically as the operational disadvantages of the suppliers become more significant. We find that there may exist the prisoner׳s dilemma phenomenon for the suppliers. Furthermore, encroachment may lead to the “lose–lose” outcome for the suppliers and the retailers. We also explore the efficiency of the suppliers, the retailers and the whole system under encroachment relative to the non-encroachment situation.

Suggested Citation

  • Li, Tingting & Xie, Jinxing & Zhao, Xiaobo, 2015. "Supplier encroachment in competitive supply chains," International Journal of Production Economics, Elsevier, vol. 165(C), pages 120-131.
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:proeco:v:165:y:2015:i:c:p:120-131
    DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpe.2015.03.023
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    6. Ding, Qing & Dong, Ciwei & Pan, Zhicong, 2016. "A hierarchical pricing decision process on a dual-channel problem with one manufacturer and one retailer," International Journal of Production Economics, Elsevier, vol. 175(C), pages 197-212.
    7. Nie, Jiajia & Zhong, Ling & Yan, Hong & Yang, Wenjuan, 2019. "Retailers' distribution channel strategies with cross-channel effect in a competitive market," International Journal of Production Economics, Elsevier, vol. 213(C), pages 32-45.
    8. Noriaki Matsushima & Tomomichi Mizuno, 2018. "Supplier encroachment and retailer effort," ISER Discussion Paper 1027, Institute of Social and Economic Research, Osaka University.
    9. Tajbakhsh, Alireza & Hassini, Elkafi, 2018. "Evaluating sustainability performance in fossil-fuel power plants using a two-stage data envelopment analysis," Energy Economics, Elsevier, vol. 74(C), pages 154-178.
    10. Huang, Hu & Ke, Hua & Wang, Lei, 2016. "Equilibrium analysis of pricing competition and cooperation in supply chain with one common manufacturer and duopoly retailers," International Journal of Production Economics, Elsevier, vol. 178(C), pages 12-21.
    11. Luo, Huajiang & Niu, Baozhuang, 2022. "Impact of competition type on a competitive manufacturer's preference of decision timing," International Journal of Production Economics, Elsevier, vol. 251(C).
    12. Song Huang & Shuting Chen & Lei Xiao, 2020. "Manufacturer product quality information disclosure with channel encroachment in the E‐commerce age," Managerial and Decision Economics, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., vol. 41(5), pages 744-761, July.
    13. Niu, Baozhuang & Li, Qiyang & Mu, Zihao & Chen, Lei & Ji, Ping, 2021. "Platform logistics or self-logistics? Restaurants’ cooperation with online food-delivery platform considering profitability and sustainability," International Journal of Production Economics, Elsevier, vol. 234(C).
    14. Cong Pan, 2016. "Retailer’s product line choice with manufacturer’s multichannel marketing," ISER Discussion Paper 0976, Institute of Social and Economic Research, Osaka University.
    15. He, Peng & He, Yong & Tang, Xiaoying & Ma, Shigui & Xu, Henry, 2022. "Channel encroachment and logistics integration strategies in an e-commerce platform service supply chain," International Journal of Production Economics, Elsevier, vol. 244(C).
    16. Hou, Pengwen & Wang, Jun & Zhang, Qian & Zhang, Shuhua, 2023. "Implications of risk aversion behavior on the green product promotion strategy under manufacturer encroachment," Applied Mathematics and Computation, Elsevier, vol. 447(C).
    17. Li, Jin & Hu, Zening & Shi, Victor & Wang, Qian, 2021. "Manufacturer's encroachment strategy with substitutable green products," International Journal of Production Economics, Elsevier, vol. 235(C).
    18. Fakheri, Sajjad & Bahrami-Bidoni, Zeynab & Makui, Ahmad & Pishvaee, Mir Saman & Santibanez Gonzalez, Ernesto DR., 2022. "A sustainable competitive supply chain network design for a green product under uncertainty: A case study of Iranian leather industry," Socio-Economic Planning Sciences, Elsevier, vol. 84(C).
    19. Siyu Shi & Chenyu Wang & T. C. Edwin Cheng & Shuai Liu, 2023. "Manufacturer encroachment with an e‐commerce division," Production and Operations Management, Production and Operations Management Society, vol. 32(6), pages 2002-2019, June.
    20. LIN, Feng & QIN, Xibei & PU, Xujin & ZHU, Weiwei & ZHUO, Xingxuan, 2021. "Effects of in-house production on channel structures in a co-opetitive supply chain under supply uncertainty," Omega, Elsevier, vol. 103(C).
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    22. Li, Jin & Yi, Liao & Shi, Victor & Chen, Xiding, 2021. "Supplier encroachment strategy in the presence of retail strategic inventory: Centralization or decentralization?," Omega, Elsevier, vol. 98(C).

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