IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/eee/phsmap/v663y2025ics0378437125000603.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

A new car-following model considering the driver's dynamic reaction time and driving visual angle on the slope

Author

Listed:
  • Chen, Yujiao
  • Zhang, Futao
  • Qian, Yongsheng
  • Zeng, Junwei
  • Li, Xin

Abstract

Based on the influence of the driver's driving visual angle and the gradient value on the car-following behavior, the two-way information feedback and time delay, a new car-following model considering dynamic reaction time and visual angle when the vehicle goes up and down the slope continuously is proposed, and the parameters are calibrated based on the actual vehicle driving data. On this basis, the linear stability condition of traffic flow is analyzed based on the long wave theory, and the evolution process of small disturbances of traffic flow and the emission rate fluctuation and total amount change of fuel consumption and CO2, NOX, PM10, and VOC are simulated and analyzed. Then, the driver is divided into aggressive type, conservative type, and neutral type, and the influence of driver characteristics and lane change behavior on stability and safety is studied by simulation. The results show that the model considering driving visual angle can give the vehicle better self-stabilizing. Bidirectional information feedback control has better stability control ability than unidirectional information feedback. The increased headway delay will aggravate the diffusion of minor disturbances, but the rise in velocity delay will help to enhance stability. The fluctuation trend of the instantaneous emission rate of fuel consumption and pollutant gas is consistent with the stability, but the total fuel consumption and the total emission of pollutant gas do not have a single correlation with the stability. Aggressive drivers contribute to improving stability but are not conducive to the safety of traffic flow. Lane-changing behavior will aggravate the speed difference, but it will help to improve safety. This study provides a new approach for constructing traffic flow-following models on mountainous roads. Further, it explores the correlation between stability, fuel consumption, and pollutant emissions, which is significant for formulating future traffic control strategies for mountainous roads and emission reduction strategies.

Suggested Citation

  • Chen, Yujiao & Zhang, Futao & Qian, Yongsheng & Zeng, Junwei & Li, Xin, 2025. "A new car-following model considering the driver's dynamic reaction time and driving visual angle on the slope," Physica A: Statistical Mechanics and its Applications, Elsevier, vol. 663(C).
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:phsmap:v:663:y:2025:i:c:s0378437125000603
    DOI: 10.1016/j.physa.2025.130408
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0378437125000603
    Download Restriction: Full text for ScienceDirect subscribers only. Journal offers the option of making the article available online on Science direct for a fee of $3,000
    File URL: https://libkey.io/10.1016/j.physa.2025.130408?utm_source=ideas
    LibKey link: if access is restricted and if your library uses this service, LibKey will redirect you to where you can use your library subscription to access this item
    ---><---

    As the access to this document is restricted, you may want to search for a different version of it.

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Wang, Tao & Zang, Rudong & Xu, Keyu & Zhang, Jing, 2019. "Analysis of predictive effect on lattice hydrodynamic traffic flow model," Physica A: Statistical Mechanics and its Applications, Elsevier, vol. 526(C).
    2. Shang, Wen-Long & Zhang, Mengxiao & Wu, Guoyuan & Yang, Lan & Fang, Shan & Ochieng, Washington, 2023. "Estimation of traffic energy consumption based on macro-micro modelling with sparse data from Connected and Automated Vehicles," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 351(C).
    3. Zhai, Cong & Li, Kening & Zhang, Ronghui & Peng, Tao & Zong, Changfu, 2024. "Phase diagram in multi-phase heterogeneous traffic flow model integrating the perceptual range difference under human-driven and connected vehicles environment," Chaos, Solitons & Fractals, Elsevier, vol. 182(C).
    4. Zhai, Cong & Zhang, Ronghui & Peng, Tao & Zhong, Changfu & Xu, Hongguo, 2023. "Heterogeneous lattice hydrodynamic model and jamming transition mixed with connected vehicles and human-driven vehicles," Physica A: Statistical Mechanics and its Applications, Elsevier, vol. 623(C).
    5. Jiang, Nan & Yu, Bin & Cao, Feng & Dang, Pengfei & Cui, Shaohua, 2021. "An extended visual angle car-following model considering the vehicle types in the adjacent lane," Physica A: Statistical Mechanics and its Applications, Elsevier, vol. 566(C).
    6. Li, Xia & Pang, Xiaomin & Zhang, Song & You, Zhijian & Ma, Xinwei & Chuo, Eryong, 2024. "Car-following model based on artificial potential field with consideration of horizontal curvature in connected vehicles environment," Physica A: Statistical Mechanics and its Applications, Elsevier, vol. 653(C).
    7. Peng, Guanghan & Kuang, Hua & Qing, Li, 2018. "Feedback control method in lattice hydrodynamic model under honk environment," Physica A: Statistical Mechanics and its Applications, Elsevier, vol. 509(C), pages 651-656.
    8. Ma, Xinjuan & Ge, Hongxia & Cheng, Rongjun, 2019. "Influences of acceleration with memory on stability of traffic flow and vehicle’s fuel consumption," Physica A: Statistical Mechanics and its Applications, Elsevier, vol. 525(C), pages 143-154.
    9. Peng, Guanghan & He, Hongdi & Lu, Wei-Zhen, 2016. "A new car-following model with the consideration of incorporating timid and aggressive driving behaviors," Physica A: Statistical Mechanics and its Applications, Elsevier, vol. 442(C), pages 197-202.
    10. Kang, Yi-rong & Tian, Chuan, 2024. "A new curved road lattice model integrating the multiple prediction effect under V2X environment," Physica A: Statistical Mechanics and its Applications, Elsevier, vol. 643(C).
    11. Ruan, Tiancheng & Zhou, Linjie & Wang, Hao, 2021. "Stability of heterogeneous traffic considering impacts of platoon management with multiple time delays," Physica A: Statistical Mechanics and its Applications, Elsevier, vol. 583(C).
    12. Zhang, Geng, 2018. "Study on varying time delay on traffic stability in a novel lattice hydrodynamic model," Physica A: Statistical Mechanics and its Applications, Elsevier, vol. 505(C), pages 1103-1112.
    13. Peng, Guanghan & Luo, Chunli & Zhao, Hongzhuan & Tan, Huili, 2024. "Phase transitions of dual-lane lattice model incorporating cyber-attacks on lane change involving inflow and outflow under connected vehicles environment," Chaos, Solitons & Fractals, Elsevier, vol. 181(C).
    14. Qi-Yun Wen & Yu Xue & Bing-Ling Cen & Yuan Tang & Mu-Yang Huang & Wei Pan & Can Huang, 2022. "Study on Energy Dissipation and Fuel Consumption in Lattice Hydrodynamic Model under Traffic Control," Mathematical Problems in Engineering, Hindawi, vol. 2022, pages 1-12, June.
    15. Yao, Zhihong & Wang, Yi & Liu, Bo & Zhao, Bin & Jiang, Yangsheng, 2021. "Fuel consumption and transportation emissions evaluation of mixed traffic flow with connected automated vehicles and human-driven vehicles on expressway," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 230(C).
    16. Yao, Zhihong & Xu, Taorang & Jiang, Yangsheng & Hu, Rong, 2021. "Linear stability analysis of heterogeneous traffic flow considering degradations of connected automated vehicles and reaction time," Physica A: Statistical Mechanics and its Applications, Elsevier, vol. 561(C).
    17. Jiang, Yangsheng & Ren, Tingting & Ma, Yuqin & Wu, Yunxia & Yao, Zhihong, 2023. "Traffic safety evaluation of mixed traffic flow considering the maximum platoon size of connected automated vehicles," Physica A: Statistical Mechanics and its Applications, Elsevier, vol. 612(C).
    18. Zhang, Yu & Wang, Sha & Pan, Dong-bo & Zhang, Geng, 2021. "Stability analysis for a new lattice hydrodynamic model with time-varying delay in sensing traffic flux," Physica A: Statistical Mechanics and its Applications, Elsevier, vol. 561(C).
    19. Yu, Bin & Zhou, Huixin & Wang, Lin & Wang, Zirui & Cui, Shaohua, 2021. "An extended two-lane car-following model considering the influence of heterogeneous speed information on drivers with different characteristics under honk environment," Physica A: Statistical Mechanics and its Applications, Elsevier, vol. 578(C).
    20. Lyu, Hao & Cheng, Rongjun & Ge, Hongxia, 2022. "Bifurcation analysis of an extended macro model considering time delay and anticipation effect," Physica A: Statistical Mechanics and its Applications, Elsevier, vol. 585(C).
    21. Zhang, Xiangzhou & Shi, Zhongke & Yu, Shaowei & Ma, Lijing, 2023. "A new car-following model considering driver’s desired visual angle on sharp curves," Physica A: Statistical Mechanics and its Applications, Elsevier, vol. 615(C).
    22. Peng, Guanghan & Jia, Teti & Kuang, Hua & Tan, Huili, 2022. "Energy consumption in a new lattice hydrodynamic model based on the delayed effect of collaborative information transmission under V2X environment," Physica A: Statistical Mechanics and its Applications, Elsevier, vol. 585(C).
    23. Shuang Jin & Jianxi Yang & Zhongcheng Liu, 2022. "Modeling and Analysis of Car-Following for Intelligent Connected Vehicles Considering Expected Speed in Helical Ramps," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(24), pages 1-20, December.
    24. Peng, Guanghan & Li, Xinhai & Wang, Hailing & Tan, Huili, 2024. "Bifurcation and phase transitions in car-following model integrating driver's characteristic and speed limit on spiral slope roads," Chaos, Solitons & Fractals, Elsevier, vol. 186(C).
    25. Peng, Guanghan & Wang, Wanlin & Tan, Huili, 2024. "Phase transitions in a heterogeneous lattice hydrodynamic model involving both communication distance and memory time duration differences," Chaos, Solitons & Fractals, Elsevier, vol. 188(C).
    26. Sun, Dihua & Chen, Dong & Zhao, Min & Liu, Weining & Zheng, Linjiang, 2018. "Linear stability and nonlinear analyses of traffic waves for the general nonlinear car-following model with multi-time delays," Physica A: Statistical Mechanics and its Applications, Elsevier, vol. 501(C), pages 293-307.
    27. Qin, Yanyan & Liu, Mingxuan & Hao, Wei, 2024. "Energy-optimal car-following model for connected automated vehicles considering traffic flow stability," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 298(C).
    28. Zhai, Cong & Wu, Weitiao & Xiao, Yingping, 2023. "The jamming transition of multi-lane lattice hydrodynamic model with passing effect," Chaos, Solitons & Fractals, Elsevier, vol. 171(C).
    29. Shi, Wei & Lu, Wei-Zhen & Xue, Yu & He, Hong-Di, 2016. "Revised lattice Boltzmann model for traffic flow with equilibrium traffic pressure," Physica A: Statistical Mechanics and its Applications, Elsevier, vol. 443(C), pages 22-31.
    30. Wang, Jufeng & Sun, Fengxin & Cheng, Rongjun & Ge, Hongxia, 2018. "An extended heterogeneous car-following model with the consideration of the drivers’ different psychological headways," Physica A: Statistical Mechanics and its Applications, Elsevier, vol. 506(C), pages 1113-1125.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Yadav, Darshana & Siwach, Vikash & Redhu, Poonam, 2025. "The interplay of passing, driver attention, and cyber attack-induced information delays on traffic stability," Chaos, Solitons & Fractals, Elsevier, vol. 196(C).
    2. Tian, Chuan & Kang, Yirong, 2025. "Modeling and optimal congestion control of multi-lane highway traffic with on-ramp and off-ramp under V2X environment," Physica A: Statistical Mechanics and its Applications, Elsevier, vol. 661(C).
    3. Zhai, Cong & Li, Kening & Zhang, Ronghui & Peng, Tao & Zong, Changfu, 2024. "Phase diagram in multi-phase heterogeneous traffic flow model integrating the perceptual range difference under human-driven and connected vehicles environment," Chaos, Solitons & Fractals, Elsevier, vol. 182(C).
    4. Jin, Can & Qing, Li & Zhu, Meilan & Peng, Guanghan, 2025. "Phase transitions and spectral entropy of heterogeneous vehicles comprised of CAVs and HDVs in flux restriction scenarios," Chaos, Solitons & Fractals, Elsevier, vol. 191(C).
    5. Zhang, Geng & Guo, Hai-Yan & Ren, Yue & Gan, Hao-Ting, 2025. "Stability and phase transition of a novel lattice hydrodynamic model considering different flux information coordination methods," Chaos, Solitons & Fractals, Elsevier, vol. 196(C).
    6. Peng, Guanghan & Wang, Wanlin & Tan, Huili, 2024. "Phase transitions in a heterogeneous lattice hydrodynamic model involving both communication distance and memory time duration differences," Chaos, Solitons & Fractals, Elsevier, vol. 188(C).
    7. Yuan, Shijiao & Chen, Qiang, 2025. "Harmony in heterogeneous traffic flow: A lattice hydrodynamic model with perception diversity and predictive effect coordinated by bilaterally controlled CAVs," Chaos, Solitons & Fractals, Elsevier, vol. 196(C).
    8. Jin, Can & Peng, Guanghan & Huang, Yixin, 2025. "Phase transitions in operation of heterogeneous vehicles mixed with human-driven and connected autonomous vehicles under speed restriction circumstances," Chaos, Solitons & Fractals, Elsevier, vol. 195(C).
    9. Hou, Lin & Pei, Yulong & He, Qingling, 2023. "A car following model in the context of heterogeneous traffic flow involving multilane following behavior," Physica A: Statistical Mechanics and its Applications, Elsevier, vol. 632(P1).
    10. Qi, Weiwei & Ma, Siwei & Fu, Chuanyun, 2023. "An improved car-following model considering the influence of multiple preceding vehicles in the same and two adjacent lanes," Physica A: Statistical Mechanics and its Applications, Elsevier, vol. 632(P2).
    11. Zhang, Futao & Qian, Yongsheng & Zeng, Junwei & Xu, Dejie & Li, Haijun, 2023. "Stability and safety analysis of mixed traffic flow considering network function degradation and platoon driving on the road with a slope," Physica A: Statistical Mechanics and its Applications, Elsevier, vol. 630(C).
    12. Verma, Muskan & Gupta, Arvind Kumar & Sharma, Sapna, 2025. "Phase transitions in a multi-phase lattice hydrodynamic area occupancy model in mixed disorder traffic considering connected and human-driven vehicles," Physica A: Statistical Mechanics and its Applications, Elsevier, vol. 658(C).
    13. Peng, Guanghan & Wang, Wanlin & Tan, Huili, 2023. "Chaotic jam and phase transitions in heterogeneous lattice model integrating the delay characteristics difference with passing effect under autonomous and human-driven vehicles environment," Chaos, Solitons & Fractals, Elsevier, vol. 177(C).
    14. Peng, Guanghan & Huang, Yixin & Tan, Huili, 2024. "Phase transitions and congestion of heterogeneous lattice hydrodynamics model considering delayed difference feedback control in connected autonomous vehicles environment," Chaos, Solitons & Fractals, Elsevier, vol. 187(C).
    15. Shuhong Yang & Bin Huang & Chuan Tian & Yirong Kang, 2025. "Modeling a Multi-Lane Highway System Considering the Combined Impacts of Overtaking Mechanisms and Aggressive Lane-Changing Behaviors," Mathematics, MDPI, vol. 13(8), pages 1-24, April.
    16. Peng, Guanghan & Wang, Keke & Tan, Huili & Huang, Darong, 2025. "Jamming transition of connected vehicles platform integrating speed change memory information to counteract cyber-attacks on slope lane," Chaos, Solitons & Fractals, Elsevier, vol. 196(C).
    17. Wang, Zihao & Ge, Hongxia & Dai, Pingping & Liu, Huaqing, 2025. "Modeling non-equilibrium mixed traffic flow in composite road environments with “End-Edge-Cloud” structure," Physica A: Statistical Mechanics and its Applications, Elsevier, vol. 658(C).
    18. Peng, Guanghan & Wu, Kunning & Tan, Huili, 2024. "Bifurcation and phase transitions in heterogeneous non-lane-discipline-based car-following model integrating cooperative feedback control under automated and human-driven vehicles environment," Chaos, Solitons & Fractals, Elsevier, vol. 188(C).
    19. Dong, Haoxuan & Shi, Junzhe & Zhuang, Weichao & Li, Zhaojian & Song, Ziyou, 2025. "Analyzing the impact of mixed vehicle platoon formations on vehicle energy and traffic efficiencies," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 377(PA).
    20. Zhai, Cong & Zhang, Ronghui & Peng, Tao & Zhong, Changfu & Xu, Hongguo, 2023. "Heterogeneous lattice hydrodynamic model and jamming transition mixed with connected vehicles and human-driven vehicles," Physica A: Statistical Mechanics and its Applications, Elsevier, vol. 623(C).

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:eee:phsmap:v:663:y:2025:i:c:s0378437125000603. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: Catherine Liu (email available below). General contact details of provider: http://www.journals.elsevier.com/physica-a-statistical-mechpplications/ .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.