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Measuring when Uber behaves as a substitute or supplement to transit: An examination of travel-time differences in Toronto

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  • Young, Mischa
  • Allen, Jeff
  • Farber, Steven

Abstract

Policymakers in cities worldwide are trying to determine how ride-hailing services affect the ridership of traditional forms of public transportation. The level of convenience and comfort that these services provide is bound to take riders away from transit, but by operating in areas, or at times, when transit is less frequent, they may also be filling a gap left vacant by transit operations. These contradictory effects reveal why we should not merely categorize all ride-hailing services as a substitute or supplement to transit, and demonstrate the need to examine ride-hailing trips individually.

Suggested Citation

  • Young, Mischa & Allen, Jeff & Farber, Steven, 2020. "Measuring when Uber behaves as a substitute or supplement to transit: An examination of travel-time differences in Toronto," Journal of Transport Geography, Elsevier, vol. 82(C).
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:jotrge:v:82:y:2020:i:c:s0966692319305459
    DOI: 10.1016/j.jtrangeo.2019.102629
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    Cited by:

    1. Meredith-Karam, Patrick & Kong, Hui & Wang, Shenhao & Zhao, Jinhua, 2021. "The relationship between ridehailing and public transit in Chicago: A comparison before and after COVID-19," Journal of Transport Geography, Elsevier, vol. 97(C).
    2. Soria, Jason & Stathopoulos, Amanda, 2021. "Investigating socio-spatial differences between solo ridehailing and pooled rides in diverse communities," Journal of Transport Geography, Elsevier, vol. 95(C).
    3. Peace, Joseph & Sweet, Matthias & Scott, Darren M., 2023. "Why do planners do what they do? and what are the implications? Guidance from on-demand ride-hailing policy in Toronto and Vancouver, Canada," Transport Policy, Elsevier, vol. 143(C), pages 72-82.
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    5. Lee, Yongsung & Lee, Bumsoo, 2022. "What’s eating public transit in the United States? Reasons for declining transit ridership in the 2010s," Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice, Elsevier, vol. 157(C), pages 126-143.
    6. Yan, Xiang & Liu, Xinyu & Zhao, Xilei, 2020. "Using machine learning for direct demand modeling of ridesourcing services in Chicago," Journal of Transport Geography, Elsevier, vol. 83(C).
    7. Andrzej Bąk & Elżbieta Nawrocka & Daria E. Jaremen, 2022. "“Sustainability” as a Motive for Choosing Shared-Mobility Services: The Case of Polish Consumers of Uber Services," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(10), pages 1-21, May.
    8. Wenyuan Zhou & Xuanrong Li & Zhenguo Shi & Bingjie Yang & Dongxu Chen, 2023. "Impact of Carpooling under Mobile Internet on Travel Mode Choices and Urban Traffic Volume: The Case of China," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(8), pages 1-15, April.
    9. Jason Soria & Shelly Etzioni & Yoram Shiftan & Amanda Stathopoulos & Eran Ben-Elia, 2022. "Microtransit adoption in the wake of the COVID-19 pandemic: evidence from a choice experiment with transit and car commuters," Papers 2204.01974, arXiv.org.
    10. Abdelwahab, Bilal & Palm, Matthew & Shalaby, Amer & Farber, Steven, 2021. "Evaluating the equity implications of ridehailing through a multi-modal accessibility framework," Journal of Transport Geography, Elsevier, vol. 95(C).
    11. Oded Cats & Rafal Kucharski & Santosh Rao Danda & Menno Yap, 2022. "Beyond the dichotomy: How ride-hailing competes with and complements public transport," PLOS ONE, Public Library of Science, vol. 17(1), pages 1-17, January.
    12. Nejc Geržinič & Niels Oort & Sascha Hoogendoorn-Lanser & Oded Cats & Serge Hoogendoorn, 2023. "Potential of on-demand services for urban travel," Transportation, Springer, vol. 50(4), pages 1289-1321, August.
    13. Compostella, Junia & Fulton, Lewis M. & De Kleine, Robert & Kim, Hyung Chul & Wallington, Timothy J. & Brown, Austin L., 2021. "Travel time costs in the near- (circa 2020) and long-term (2030–2035) for automated, electrified, and shared mobility in the United States," Transport Policy, Elsevier, vol. 105(C), pages 153-165.
    14. Wenting Li & Amer Shalaby & Khandker Nurul Habib, 2022. "Exploring the correlation between ride-hailing and multimodal transit ridership in toronto," Transportation, Springer, vol. 49(3), pages 765-789, June.
    15. Ngo, Nicole S. & Götschi, Thomas & Clark, Benjamin Y., 2021. "The effects of ride-hailing services on bus ridership in a medium-sized urban area using micro-level data: Evidence from the Lane Transit District," Transport Policy, Elsevier, vol. 105(C), pages 44-53.
    16. Barbour, Elisa & Alvarez-Coria, Rosanely & Anderson, Hayden & Hosseinzade, Rey & Turner, Katherine & Handy, Susan, 2023. "Barriers to Reducing the Carbon Footprint of Transportation Part 3: The Impact of the Covid-19 Pandemic on Travel Patterns," Institute of Transportation Studies, Working Paper Series qt5q0076tq, Institute of Transportation Studies, UC Davis.
    17. Loa, Patrick & Nurul Habib, Khandker, 2021. "Examining the influence of attitudinal factors on the use of ride-hailing services in Toronto," Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice, Elsevier, vol. 146(C), pages 13-28.
    18. Zhang, Zhaolin & Zhai, Guocong & Xie, Kun & Xiao, Feng, 2022. "Exploring the nonlinear effects of ridesharing on public transit usage: A case study of San Diego," Journal of Transport Geography, Elsevier, vol. 104(C).
    19. Barajas, Jesus M. & Brown, Anne, 2021. "Not minding the gap: Does ride-hailing serve transit deserts?," Journal of Transport Geography, Elsevier, vol. 90(C).
    20. Zou, Zhenpeng & Cirillo, Cinzia, 2021. "Does ridesourcing impact driving decisions: A survey weighted regression analysis," Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice, Elsevier, vol. 146(C), pages 1-12.
    21. Soltani, Ali & Allan, Andrew & Khalaj, Fahimeh & Pojani, Dorina & Mehdizadeh, Milad, 2021. "Ridesharing in Adelaide: Segmentation of users," Journal of Transport Geography, Elsevier, vol. 92(C).
    22. Li, Shengxiao(Alex) & Zhai, Wei & Jiao, Junfeng & Wang, Chao (Kenneth), 2022. "Who loses and who wins in the ride-hailing era? A case study of Austin, Texas," Transport Policy, Elsevier, vol. 120(C), pages 130-138.
    23. Sweet, Matthias N. & Scott, Darren M., 2021. "Shared mobility adoption from 2016 to 2018 in the Greater Toronto and Hamilton Area: Demographic or geographic diffusion?," Journal of Transport Geography, Elsevier, vol. 96(C).

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