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Securing power grids and charging infrastructure: Cyberattack resilience and vehicle-to-grid integration

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  • Sayarshad, Hamid R.

Abstract

The increasing interconnectivity of power grids and electric vehicle (EV) charging stations exposes them to the ever-growing threat of cyberattacks. This paper proposes a multifaceted approach that addresses the interdependencies between power grids, charging stations, and EVs. We explore a new EV routing challenge that includes regulations for charging and vehicle-to-grid (V2G) discharging. We estimate charging demands by analyzing EV usage patterns, charging/discharging plans, charging station availability, and user preferences such as routing and driver anxiety. The study explores a new EV charging optimization scenario considering charging costs, traffic, travel time, and setup time. A vital aspect of the proposed model is its ability to facilitate bidirectional energy flow between EVs and the power grid. This strategy enhances grid stability and facilitates efficient energy management, with charging stations actively participating in load balancing, peak shaving, and grid stabilization during a cyberattack. Furthermore, we formulate a network interdiction problem that strategically removes specific links in the power network to prevent the spread of a cyberattack. The effectiveness of the proposed approach is evaluated through five case studies. The findings suggest that the proposed hybrid planning solution (Case 5) is the most effective strategy. It successfully achieves zero load-shedding, reduces the charging and discharging constraints for electric vehicles (EVs), and eliminates susceptible nodes.

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  • Sayarshad, Hamid R., 2025. "Securing power grids and charging infrastructure: Cyberattack resilience and vehicle-to-grid integration," Journal of Transport Geography, Elsevier, vol. 126(C).
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:jotrge:v:126:y:2025:i:c:s096669232500122x
    DOI: 10.1016/j.jtrangeo.2025.104231
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Sayarshad, Hamid R., 2025. "Coordinated routing, charging, and power grid for electric and hydrogen vehicles with renewable energy integration," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 243(C).
    2. Wang, Ying-Wei & Wang, Chuan-Ren, 2010. "Locating passenger vehicle refueling stations," Transportation Research Part E: Logistics and Transportation Review, Elsevier, vol. 46(5), pages 791-801, September.
    3. Csiszár, Csaba & Csonka, Bálint & Földes, Dávid & Wirth, Ervin & Lovas, Tamás, 2019. "Urban public charging station locating method for electric vehicles based on land use approach," Journal of Transport Geography, Elsevier, vol. 74(C), pages 173-180.
    4. Csiszár, Csaba & Csonka, Bálint & Földes, Dávid & Wirth, Ervin & Lovas, Tamás, 2020. "Location optimisation method for fast-charging stations along national roads," Journal of Transport Geography, Elsevier, vol. 88(C).
    5. Hamid R. Sayarshad & Vahid Mahmoodian & Nebojša Bojović, 2021. "Dynamic Inventory Routing and Pricing Problem with a Mixed Fleet of Electric and Conventional Urban Freight Vehicles," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(12), pages 1-16, June.
    6. Zhu, Zhi-Hong & Gao, Zi-You & Zheng, Jian-Feng & Du, Hao-Ming, 2016. "Charging station location problem of plug-in electric vehicles," Journal of Transport Geography, Elsevier, vol. 52(C), pages 11-22.
    7. Sayarshad, Hamid R., 2025. "Equity-based vaccine delivery by drones: Optimizing distribution in disease-prone regions," Transportation Research Part E: Logistics and Transportation Review, Elsevier, vol. 195(C).
    8. Min Li & Hui Hou & Jufang Yu & Hao Geng & Ling Zhu & Yong Huang & Xianqiang Li, 2021. "Prediction of Power Outage Quantity of Distribution Network Users under Typhoon Disaster Based on Random Forest and Important Variables," Mathematical Problems in Engineering, Hindawi, vol. 2021, pages 1-14, January.
    9. Sayarshad, Hamid R. & Sattar, Shahram & Oliver Gao, H., 2020. "A scalable non-myopic atomic game for a smart parking mechanism," Transportation Research Part E: Logistics and Transportation Review, Elsevier, vol. 140(C).
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