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Optimal procurement of long-term contracts in the presence of imperfect spot market

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  • Xu, Jinpeng
  • Feng, Gengzhong
  • Jiang, Wei
  • Wang, Shouyang

Abstract

B2B spot market has grown rapidly and become an effective trading channel for commodity products. Besides long-term contract procurement from conventional suppliers (forward and option), a buyer can procure or sell commodities at any time in B2B spot market to adjust her inventory level. However, spot prices are generally volatile and the market is imperfect in the sense that spot trading may be realized with uncertainty in a given period of time and often comes with extra transaction cost. This paper considers a commodity buyer who can order forward and option contracts in advance and trade in a B2B spot market when spot price and demand are observed stochastically. Based on a single-period newsvendor model, we discuss three optimal order strategies and derive respective expected profits when the buyer is risk-neutral. The sensitivity of purchase costs, market liquidity and transaction cost is investigated. We also compare the optimal expected profits for different strategies to illustrate the effects of the two long-term contracts in the presence of the B2B spot market. We then extend our model to a multi-period setting and derive the optimal strategy. Finally, we numerically compute the optimal order strategy for a risk-averse buyer and analyze the impact of spot market, risk aversion, as well as the correlation between customer demand and spot price.

Suggested Citation

  • Xu, Jinpeng & Feng, Gengzhong & Jiang, Wei & Wang, Shouyang, 2015. "Optimal procurement of long-term contracts in the presence of imperfect spot market," Omega, Elsevier, vol. 52(C), pages 42-52.
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:jomega:v:52:y:2015:i:c:p:42-52
    DOI: 10.1016/j.omega.2014.10.003
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    Cited by:

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    3. Jianjun Xu & Mustafa Cagri Gürbüz & Youyi Feng & Shaoxiang Chen, 2020. "Optimal Spot Trading Integrated with Quantity Flexibility Contracts," Production and Operations Management, Production and Operations Management Society, vol. 29(6), pages 1532-1549, June.
    4. Xiaoqing Liu & Gongli Luo & Xinsheng Xu, 2022. "Optimal Purchasing Decisions with Supplier Default in Portfolio Procurement," Mathematics, MDPI, vol. 10(17), pages 1-10, September.
    5. Lennart C. Johnsen & Abdolkarim Sadrieh & Guido Voigt, 2021. "Short‐term vs. Long‐term Contracting: Empirical Assessment of the Ratchet Effect in Supply Chain Interaction," Production and Operations Management, Production and Operations Management Society, vol. 30(7), pages 2252-2272, July.
    6. Karl Inderfurth & Peter Kelle & Rainer Kleber, 2018. "Inventory control in dual sourcing commodity procurement with price correlation," Central European Journal of Operations Research, Springer;Slovak Society for Operations Research;Hungarian Operational Research Society;Czech Society for Operations Research;Österr. Gesellschaft für Operations Research (ÖGOR);Slovenian Society Informatika - Section for Operational Research;Croatian Operational Research Society, vol. 26(1), pages 93-119, March.
    7. Sillanpää, Ville & Liesiö, Juuso & Käki, Anssi, 2021. "Procurement decisions over multiple periods under piecewise-linear shortage costs and fixed capacity commitments," Omega, Elsevier, vol. 100(C).
    8. Ma, Shanshan & Li, Guo & Sethi, Suresh P. & Zhao, Xuan, 2022. "Advance booking discount strategies: Competition, information transparency and spot market," Transportation Research Part E: Logistics and Transportation Review, Elsevier, vol. 158(C).
    9. Karl Inderfurth & Peter Kelle & Rainer Kleber, 2014. "The Effect of Material Price and Product Demand Correlations on Combined Sourcing and Inventory Management," FEMM Working Papers 140013, Otto-von-Guericke University Magdeburg, Faculty of Economics and Management.
    10. Gan, Xianghua & Sethi, Suresh P. & Xu, Liang, 2019. "Simultaneous Optimization of Contingent and Advance Purchase Orders with Fixed Ordering Costs," Omega, Elsevier, vol. 89(C), pages 227-241.
    11. Gärttner, Johannes & Flath, Christoph M. & Weinhardt, Christof, 2018. "Portfolio and contract design for demand response resources," European Journal of Operational Research, Elsevier, vol. 266(1), pages 340-353.

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