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Measuring efficiency of health plan payment systems in managed competition health insurance markets

Author

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  • Layton, Timothy J.
  • Ellis, Randall P.
  • McGuire, Thomas G.
  • van Kleef, Richard

Abstract

Adverse selection in health insurance markets leads to two types of inefficiency. On the demand side, adverse selection leads to plan price distortions resulting in inefficient sorting of consumers across health plans. On the supply side, adverse selection creates incentives for plans to inefficiently distort benefits to attract profitable enrollees. Reinsurance, risk adjustment, and premium categories address these problems. Building on prior research on health plan payment system evaluation, we develop measures of the efficiency consequences of price and benefit distortions under a given payment system. Our measures are based on explicit economic models of insurer behavior under adverse selection, incorporate multiple features of plan payment systems, and can be calculated prior to observing actual insurer and consumer behavior. We illustrate the use of these measures with data from a simulated market for individual health insurance.

Suggested Citation

  • Layton, Timothy J. & Ellis, Randall P. & McGuire, Thomas G. & van Kleef, Richard, 2017. "Measuring efficiency of health plan payment systems in managed competition health insurance markets," Journal of Health Economics, Elsevier, vol. 56(C), pages 237-255.
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:jhecon:v:56:y:2017:i:c:p:237-255
    DOI: 10.1016/j.jhealeco.2017.05.004
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    Citations

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    Cited by:

    1. Peter Paul Klein & Richard van Kleef & Josefa Henriquez & Francesco Paolucci, 2023. "The interplay between risk adjustment and risk rating in voluntary health insurance," Journal of Risk & Insurance, The American Risk and Insurance Association, vol. 90(1), pages 59-91, March.
    2. A. A. Withagen-Koster & R. C. Kleef & F. Eijkenaar, 2020. "Incorporating self-reported health measures in risk equalization through constrained regression," The European Journal of Health Economics, Springer;Deutsche Gesellschaft für Gesundheitsökonomie (DGGÖ), vol. 21(4), pages 513-528, June.
    3. Ismail, I. & Stam, P.J.A. & Portrait, F.R.M. & van Witteloostuijn, A. & Koolman, X., 2024. "Addressing unanticipated interactions in risk equalization: A machine learning approach to modeling medical expenditure risk," Economic Modelling, Elsevier, vol. 130(C).
    4. Savannah L. Bergquist & Timothy J. Layton & Thomas G. McGuire & Sherri Rose, 2018. "Intervening on the Data to Improve the Performance of Health Plan Payment Methods," NBER Working Papers 24491, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc.
    5. Richard C. van Kleef & René C. J. A. van Vliet, 2022. "How to deal with persistently low/high spenders in health plan payment systems?," Health Economics, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., vol. 31(5), pages 784-805, May.
    6. Kauer, Lukas & McGuire, Thomas G. & Beck, Konstantin, 2020. "Extreme under and overcompensation in morbidity-based health plan payments: The case of Switzerland," Health Policy, Elsevier, vol. 124(1), pages 61-68.
    7. Michael Geruso & Timothy J. Layton & Grace McCormack & Mark Shepard, 2023. "The Two-Margin Problem in Insurance Markets," The Review of Economics and Statistics, MIT Press, vol. 105(2), pages 237-257, March.
    8. Thomas G. McGuire & Sonja Schillo & Richard C. van Kleef, 2018. "Reinsurance, Repayments, and Risk Adjustment in Individual Health Insurance: Germany, The Netherlands and the U.S. Marketplaces," NBER Working Papers 25374, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc.
    9. de Meza, David & Reito, Francesco & Reyniers, Diane, 2021. "Too much trade: The hidden problem of adverse selection," Journal of Public Economics, Elsevier, vol. 204(C).
    10. Douven, Rudy & Kauer, Lukas, 2023. "Falling ill raises the health insurer's administration bill," Social Science & Medicine, Elsevier, vol. 324(C).
    11. Constantinou, Panayotis & Tuppin, Philippe & Gastaldi-Ménager, Christelle & Pelletier-Fleury, Nathalie, 2022. "Defining a risk-adjustment formula for the introduction of population-based payments for primary care in France," Health Policy, Elsevier, vol. 126(9), pages 915-924.
    12. Thomas G. McGuire & Anna L. Zink & Sherri Rose, 2020. "Simplifying and Improving the Performance of Risk Adjustment Systems," NBER Working Papers 26736, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc.
    13. Timothy Layton & Ellen J. Montz & Mark Shepard, 2017. "Health Plan Payment in U.S. Marketplaces: Regulated Competition with a Weak Mandate," NBER Working Papers 23444, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc.
    14. Anna Zink & Sherri Rose, 2020. "Fair regression for health care spending," Biometrics, The International Biometric Society, vol. 76(3), pages 973-982, September.
    15. Shuli Brammli-Greenberg & Jacob Glazer & Ruth Waitzberg, 2019. "Modest risk-sharing significantly reduces health plans’ incentives for service distortion," The European Journal of Health Economics, Springer;Deutsche Gesellschaft für Gesundheitsökonomie (DGGÖ), vol. 20(9), pages 1359-1374, December.
    16. Timothy Layton & Alice K. Ndikumana & Mark Shepard, 2017. "Health Plan Payment in Medicaid Managed Care: A Hybrid Model of Regulated Competition," NBER Working Papers 23518, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc.
    17. Liran Einav & Amy Finkelstein, 2023. "Empirical analyses of selection and welfare in insurance markets: a self-indulgent survey," The Geneva Risk and Insurance Review, Palgrave Macmillan;International Association for the Study of Insurance Economics (The Geneva Association), vol. 48(2), pages 167-191, September.
    18. Thomas G. McGuire & Sonja Schillo & Richard C. Kleef, 2021. "Very high and low residual spenders in private health insurance markets: Germany, The Netherlands and the U.S. Marketplaces," The European Journal of Health Economics, Springer;Deutsche Gesellschaft für Gesundheitsökonomie (DGGÖ), vol. 22(1), pages 35-50, February.

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