IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/eee/jfinec/v146y2022i2p444-474.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

Overallocation and secondary market outcomes in corporate bond offerings

Author

Listed:
  • Bessembinder, Hendrik
  • Jacobsen, Stacey
  • Maxwell, William
  • Venkataraman, Kumar

Abstract

Bond underwriters, lacking “Greenshoe options” and formal systems to track “flipping” activity, have fewer tools than equity underwriters to manage secondary market order flow uncertainty. We show that bond underwriters respond by selectively “overallocating” some issues to attain net short positions. Overallocations are economically substantive, facilitate the syndicate's price stabilization efforts, and are largely offset in the days after issuance. These issues on average experience more net selling by institutional investors and, despite large syndicate purchases, appreciate less in the secondary market. Thus, overallocation is an observable indicator that underwriters anticipate weakness in net secondary market demand.

Suggested Citation

  • Bessembinder, Hendrik & Jacobsen, Stacey & Maxwell, William & Venkataraman, Kumar, 2022. "Overallocation and secondary market outcomes in corporate bond offerings," Journal of Financial Economics, Elsevier, vol. 146(2), pages 444-474.
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:jfinec:v:146:y:2022:i:2:p:444-474
    DOI: 10.1016/j.jfineco.2022.08.001
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0304405X22001714
    Download Restriction: Full text for ScienceDirect subscribers only
    File URL: https://libkey.io/10.1016/j.jfineco.2022.08.001?utm_source=ideas
    LibKey link: if access is restricted and if your library uses this service, LibKey will redirect you to where you can use your library subscription to access this item
    ---><---

    As the access to this document is restricted, you may want to search for a different version of it.

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Andrew Ellul & Marco Pagano, 2006. "IPO Underpricing and After-Market Liquidity," Review of Financial Studies, Society for Financial Studies, vol. 19(2), pages 381-421.
    2. Nikolova, Stanislava & Wang, Liying & Wu, Juan (Julie), 2020. "Institutional allocations in the primary market for corporate bonds," Journal of Financial Economics, Elsevier, vol. 137(2), pages 470-490.
    3. Hale, Galina & Santos, João A.C., 2009. "Do banks price their informational monopoly?," Journal of Financial Economics, Elsevier, vol. 93(2), pages 185-206, August.
    4. Datta, Sudip & Iskandar-Datta, Mai & Patel, Ajay, 1997. "The Pricing of Initial Public Offers of Corporate Straight Debt," Journal of Finance, American Finance Association, vol. 52(1), pages 379-396, March.
    5. Nianyun (Kelly) Cai & Jean Helwege & Arthur Warga, 2007. "Underpricing in the Corporate Bond Market," Review of Financial Studies, Society for Financial Studies, vol. 20(6), pages 2021-2046, November.
    6. Beatty, Randolph P. & Ritter, Jay R., 1986. "Investment banking, reputation, and the underpricing of initial public offerings," Journal of Financial Economics, Elsevier, vol. 15(1-2), pages 213-232.
    7. Benveniste, Lawrence M. & Spindt, Paul A., 1989. "How investment bankers determine the offer price and allocation of new issues," Journal of Financial Economics, Elsevier, vol. 24(2), pages 343-361.
    8. Ruud, Judith S., 1993. "Underwriter price support and the IPO underpricing puzzle," Journal of Financial Economics, Elsevier, vol. 34(2), pages 135-151, October.
    9. Ederington, Louis H, 1974. "The Yield Spread of New Issues of Corporate Bonds," Journal of Finance, American Finance Association, vol. 29(5), pages 1531-1543, December.
    10. Green, Richard C. & Hollifield, Burton & Schurhoff, Norman, 2007. "Dealer intermediation and price behavior in the aftermarket for new bond issues," Journal of Financial Economics, Elsevier, vol. 86(3), pages 643-682, December.
    11. Helwege, Jean & Wang, Liying, 2021. "Liquidity and price pressure in the corporate bond market: evidence from mega-bonds," Journal of Financial Intermediation, Elsevier, vol. 48(C).
    12. Zhang, Donghang, 2004. "Why Do IPO Underwriters Allocate Extra Shares when They Expect to Buy Them Back?," Journal of Financial and Quantitative Analysis, Cambridge University Press, vol. 39(3), pages 571-594, September.
    13. Katrina Ellis & Roni Michaely & Maureen O'Hara, 2000. "When the Underwriter Is the Market Maker: An Examination of Trading in the IPO Aftermarket," Journal of Finance, American Finance Association, vol. 55(3), pages 1039-1074, June.
    14. Wasserfallen, Walter & Wydler, Daniel, 1988. " Underpricing of Newly Issued Bonds: Evidence from the Swiss Capital Market," Journal of Finance, American Finance Association, vol. 43(5), pages 1177-1191, December.
    15. Han, Song & Huang, Alan Guoming & Kalimipalli, Madhu & Wang, Ke, 2022. "Information and liquidity of over-the-counter securities: Evidence from public registration of Rule 144A bonds," Journal of Financial Markets, Elsevier, vol. 59(PB).
    16. Wang, Liying, 2021. "Lifting the veil: The price formation of corporate bond offerings," Journal of Financial Economics, Elsevier, vol. 142(3), pages 1340-1358.
    17. Fishe, Raymond P. H., 2002. "How Stock Flippers Affect IPO Pricing and Stabilization," Journal of Financial and Quantitative Analysis, Cambridge University Press, vol. 37(2), pages 319-340, June.
    18. Massa, Massimo & Yasuda, Ayako & Zhang, Lei, 2013. "Supply uncertainty of the bond investor base and the leverage of the firm," Journal of Financial Economics, Elsevier, vol. 110(1), pages 185-214.
    19. Weinstein, Mark I, 1978. "The Seasoning Process of New Corporate Bond Issues," Journal of Finance, American Finance Association, vol. 33(5), pages 1343-1354, December.
    20. Hendrik Bessembinder & Stacey Jacobsen & William Maxwell & Kumar Venkataraman, 2018. "Capital Commitment and Illiquidity in Corporate Bonds," Journal of Finance, American Finance Association, vol. 73(4), pages 1615-1661, August.
    21. Lindvall, John R, 1977. "New Issue Corporate Bonds, Seasoned Market Efficiency and Yield Spreads," Journal of Finance, American Finance Association, vol. 32(4), pages 1057-1067, September.
    22. James Brugler & Carole Comerton-Forde & J Spencer Martin, 2022. "Secondary Market Transparency and Corporate Bond Issuing Costs [Asset pricing and the bid–ask spread]," Review of Finance, European Finance Association, vol. 26(1), pages 43-77.
    23. Gande, Amar, et al, 1997. "Bank Underwriting of Debt Securities: Modern Evidence," Review of Financial Studies, Society for Financial Studies, vol. 10(4), pages 1175-1202.
    24. Fung, W K H & Rudd, Andrew, 1986. "Pricing New Corporate Bond Issues: An Analysis of Issue Cost and Seasoning Effects," Journal of Finance, American Finance Association, vol. 41(3), pages 633-643, July.
    25. Reena Aggarwal, 2000. "Stabilization Activities by Underwriters after Initial Public Offerings," Journal of Finance, American Finance Association, vol. 55(3), pages 1075-1103, June.
    26. William J. Wilhelm, 1999. "SECONDARY MARKET STABILIZATION OF IPOs," Journal of Applied Corporate Finance, Morgan Stanley, vol. 12(1), pages 78-85, March.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Rischen, Tobias & Theissen, Erik, 2021. "Underpricing in the euro area bond market: New evidence from post-crisis regulation and quantitative easing," Journal of Financial Intermediation, Elsevier, vol. 46(C).
    2. Rischen, Tobias & Theissen, Erik, 2018. "Underpricing in the euro area corporate bond market: New evidence from post-crisis regulation and quantitative easing," CFR Working Papers 18-03, University of Cologne, Centre for Financial Research (CFR).
    3. Galina Hale & João A. C. Santos, 2006. "Evidence on the costs and benefits of bond IPOs," Working Paper Series 2006-42, Federal Reserve Bank of San Francisco.
    4. Jay R. Ritter & Ivo Welch, 2002. "A Review of IPO Activity, Pricing, and Allocations," Journal of Finance, American Finance Association, vol. 57(4), pages 1795-1828, August.
    5. Jun-Koo, Kang & Lee, Yul W., 1996. "The pricing of convertible debt offerings," Journal of Financial Economics, Elsevier, vol. 41(2), pages 231-248, June.
    6. Trauten, Andreas, 2004. "Zur Effizienz von Wertpapieremissionen über Internetplattformen," Working Papers 8, University of Münster, Competence Center Internet Economy and Hybrid Systems, European Research Center for Information Systems (ERCIS).
    7. Khelifa Mazouz & Sam Agyei-Ampomah & Brahim Saadouni & Shuxing Yin, 2013. "Stabilization and the aftermarket prices of initial public offerings," Review of Quantitative Finance and Accounting, Springer, vol. 41(3), pages 417-439, October.
    8. Jones, Steven L. & Yeoman, John C., 2014. "Initial uncertainty and the risk of setting a fixed-offer price: Implications for the pricing of bookbuilt and best-efforts IPOs," Journal of Corporate Finance, Elsevier, vol. 27(C), pages 194-215.
    9. Wang, Liying, 2021. "Lifting the veil: The price formation of corporate bond offerings," Journal of Financial Economics, Elsevier, vol. 142(3), pages 1340-1358.
    10. Florian Nagler & Giorgio Ottonello, 2022. "Inventory-Constrained Underwriters and Corporate Bond Offerings [Signalling by underpricing in the IPO market]," The Review of Asset Pricing Studies, Society for Financial Studies, vol. 12(3), pages 639-666.
    11. Su Han Chan & Ko Wang & Jing Yang, 2009. "IPO Pricing Strategies with Deadweight and Search Costs," Journal of Real Estate Research, American Real Estate Society, vol. 31(4), pages 481-542.
    12. Ding, Yi & Xiong, Wei & Zhang, Jinfan, 2022. "Issuance overpricing of China's corporate debt securities," Journal of Financial Economics, Elsevier, vol. 144(1), pages 328-346.
    13. Tim Jenkinson & Howard Jones, 2007. "The Economics of IPO Stabilisation, Syndicates and Naked Shorts," European Financial Management, European Financial Management Association, vol. 13(4), pages 616-642, September.
    14. Goergen, Marc & Gounopoulos, Dimitrios & Koutroumpis, Panagiotis, 2021. "Do multiple credit ratings reduce money left on the table? Evidence from U.S. IPOs," Journal of Corporate Finance, Elsevier, vol. 67(C).
    15. Che-Yahya, Norliza & Abdul-Rahim, Ruzita & Yong, Othman, 2014. "Influence of institutional investors' participation on flipping activity of Malaysian IPOs," Economic Systems, Elsevier, vol. 38(4), pages 470-486.
    16. Chitru S. Fernando & Srinivasan Krishnamurthy & Paul A. Spindt, 2002. "Is the Offer Price in IPOs Informative? Underpricing, Ownership Structure, and Performance," Center for Financial Institutions Working Papers 01-33, Wharton School Center for Financial Institutions, University of Pennsylvania.
    17. Katharina, Lewellen, 2004. "Risk, Reputation, and the Price Support of IPOs," Working papers 4453-03, Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Sloan School of Management.
    18. Yi Ding & Wei Xiong & Jinfan Zhang, 2020. "Issuance Overpricing of China’s Corporate Debt Securities," NBER Working Papers 26815, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc.
    19. Yi Ding & Wei Xiong & Jinfan Zhang, 2021. "Issuance Overpricing of China’s Corporate Debt Securities," Working Papers 2021-50, Princeton University. Economics Department..
    20. Fernando, Chitru S. & Krishnamurthy, Srinivasan & Spindt, Paul A., 2004. "Are share price levels informative? Evidence from the ownership, pricing, turnover and performance of IPO firms," Journal of Financial Markets, Elsevier, vol. 7(4), pages 377-403, October.

    More about this item

    Keywords

    Primary market; Corporate bonds; Bond microstructure; Greenshoe; Overallocation;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • G12 - Financial Economics - - General Financial Markets - - - Asset Pricing; Trading Volume; Bond Interest Rates
    • G14 - Financial Economics - - General Financial Markets - - - Information and Market Efficiency; Event Studies; Insider Trading
    • G21 - Financial Economics - - Financial Institutions and Services - - - Banks; Other Depository Institutions; Micro Finance Institutions; Mortgages
    • G23 - Financial Economics - - Financial Institutions and Services - - - Non-bank Financial Institutions; Financial Instruments; Institutional Investors
    • G24 - Financial Economics - - Financial Institutions and Services - - - Investment Banking; Venture Capital; Brokerage
    • G32 - Financial Economics - - Corporate Finance and Governance - - - Financing Policy; Financial Risk and Risk Management; Capital and Ownership Structure; Value of Firms; Goodwill

    Statistics

    Access and download statistics

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:eee:jfinec:v:146:y:2022:i:2:p:444-474. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: Catherine Liu (email available below). General contact details of provider: http://www.elsevier.com/locate/inca/505576 .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.