IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/eee/jcjust/v101y2025ics0047235225001941.html

Effects of female representation in law enforcement on victim-centered practices and victim cooperation

Author

Listed:
  • Rief, Rachael M.
  • Juárez, Alessa S.

Abstract

This study examines how female representation in law enforcement affects victim-centric policies and cooperation, whether agencies with more female officers are more likely to have victim services and domestic violence units and reduce exceptional clearance due to victim non-cooperation. Using Law Enforcement Management and Administrative Statistics datasets and the 2020 National Incident Based Reporting System dataset, we analyzed whether agency characteristics predicted victim non-cooperation in a sample of incidents involving nearly 1,000,000 assault and rape victims and about 2700 agencies. Logistic regression results show that agencies with 30 % or more female officers are significantly more likely to have victim services and domestic violence units than agencies with less than 30 %. However, multi-level logistic regression reveals that higher female presence may not impact victim cooperation when considering other victim and agency characteristics. Findings suggest increased female representation provide tangible benefits for victim-centric policies and practices but fall short of affecting victim cooperation.

Suggested Citation

  • Rief, Rachael M. & Juárez, Alessa S., 2025. "Effects of female representation in law enforcement on victim-centered practices and victim cooperation," Journal of Criminal Justice, Elsevier, vol. 101(C).
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:jcjust:v:101:y:2025:i:c:s0047235225001941
    DOI: 10.1016/j.jcrimjus.2025.102545
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0047235225001941
    Download Restriction: Full text for ScienceDirect subscribers only
    File URL: https://libkey.io/10.1016/j.jcrimjus.2025.102545?utm_source=ideas
    LibKey link: if access is restricted and if your library uses this service, LibKey will redirect you to where you can use your library subscription to access this item
    ---><---

    As the access to this document is restricted, you may want to

    for a different version of it.

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Sara De Masi & Agnieszka Słomka‐Gołębiowska & Claudio Becagli & Andrea Paci, 2021. "Toward sustainable corporate behavior: The effect of the critical mass of female directors on environmental, social, and governance disclosure," Business Strategy and the Environment, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 30(4), pages 1865-1878, May.
    2. Rabe-Hemp, Cara E., 2008. "Female officers and the ethic of care: Does officer gender impact police behaviors?," Journal of Criminal Justice, Elsevier, vol. 36(5), pages 426-434, September.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Richard Yeaw Chong Seow, 2024. "Determinants of environmental, social, and governance disclosure: A systematic literature review," Business Strategy and the Environment, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 33(3), pages 2314-2330, March.
    2. Douglas A. Adu & Antoinette Flynn & Colette Grey, 2022. "Executive compensation and sustainable business practices: The moderating role of sustainability‐based compensation," Business Strategy and the Environment, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 31(3), pages 698-736, March.
    3. Mônica Cavalcanti Sá de Abreu & Romulo Alves Soares & Victor Daniel‐Vasconcelos & Vicente Lima Crisóstomo, 2023. "Does board diversity encourage an environmental policy focused on resource use, emission reduction and innovation? The case of companies in Latin America," Corporate Social Responsibility and Environmental Management, John Wiley & Sons, vol. 30(3), pages 1161-1176, May.
    4. Shaista Wasiuzzaman & Vasanthan Subramaniam, 2023. "Board gender diversity and environmental, social and governance (ESG) disclosure: Is it different for developed and developing nations?," Corporate Social Responsibility and Environmental Management, John Wiley & Sons, vol. 30(5), pages 2145-2165, September.
    5. Akshay Jain & Rajiv Sinclair & Andrew V Papachristos, 2022. "Identifying misconduct-committing officer crews in the Chicago police department," PLOS ONE, Public Library of Science, vol. 17(5), pages 1-21, May.
    6. Yim, Ha-neul & Riddell, Jordan R. & Lee, Yung Hyeock, 2025. "Examining the sources of police use of force in South Korea," Journal of Criminal Justice, Elsevier, vol. 96(C).
    7. Yang Liu & Han Zhang & Fukang Zhang, 2024. "The power of CEO growing up in poverty: Enabling better corporate environmental, social, and governance (ESG) performance," Corporate Social Responsibility and Environmental Management, John Wiley & Sons, vol. 31(3), pages 1610-1633, May.
    8. Steiner, Alexandre Arns & Lerman, Laura Visintainer & Kai, Dalton Alexandre & Benitez, Guilherme Brittes, 2026. "Digital corporate governance at diversity, equity, and inclusion in operations and supply chain management: A mixed-method approach," International Journal of Production Economics, Elsevier, vol. 291(C).
    9. Słomka-Gołębiowska, Agnieszka & De Masi, Sara & Zambelli, Simona & Paci, Andrea, 2023. "Towards higher sustainability: If you want something done, ask a chairwoman," Finance Research Letters, Elsevier, vol. 58(PA).
    10. Werner Soontiens & Jéssica Nunes Martins & Mary Anthony & Syed Arslan Haider & Rui Miguel Dantas & Anabela Batista Correia & Shehnaz Tehseen, 2026. "Peer-Based Strategies and Organizational Legitimacy: A Case of Women’s Promotion in the Public Sector," Journal of the Knowledge Economy, Springer;Portland International Center for Management of Engineering and Technology (PICMET), vol. 17(2), pages 4279-4303, April.
    11. M. Ángeles López-Cabarcos & Ydriss Ziane & M. Luisa López-Pérez & Juan Piñeiro-Chousa, 2025. "The Ethical Commitment of Business Strategy: ESG-Related Factors as Drivers of the SDGs," Journal of Business Ethics, Springer, vol. 202(4), pages 805-821, December.
    12. Mariasole Bannò & Giorgia Maria D’Allura & Graziano Coller & Celeste Varum, 2023. "Men are from Mars, women are from Venus: on lenders’ stereotypical views and the implications for a firm’s debt," Journal of Management & Governance, Springer;Accademia Italiana di Economia Aziendale (AIDEA), vol. 27(2), pages 651-687, June.
    13. Bruna Miranda & Catarina Delgado & Manuel Castelo Branco, 2023. "Board Characteristics, Social Trust and ESG Performance in the European Banking Sector," JRFM, MDPI, vol. 16(4), pages 1-17, April.
    14. Caterina Lucarelli & Sabrina Severini, 2024. "Anatomy of the chimera: Environmental, Social, and Governance ratings beyond the myth," Business Strategy and the Environment, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 33(5), pages 4198-4217, July.
    15. Francesca Collevecchio & Gianluca Gionfriddo, 2023. "Adopting a social purpose in for-profit firms: the role of the board of directors," International Entrepreneurship and Management Journal, Springer, vol. 19(3), pages 1467-1499, September.
    16. Chang Liu & Zihao Xin, 2024. "Does environmental, social, and governance practice boost corporate human capital inflow in China? From the perspective of stakeholder response," Corporate Social Responsibility and Environmental Management, John Wiley & Sons, vol. 31(4), pages 3251-3273, July.
    17. Sara De Masi, 2021. "Boards Contributing to the Protection of the Environment: Looking at the Dynamics between In-groups and Out-groups," International Journal of Business Research and Management (IJBRM), Computer Science Journals (CSC Journals), vol. 12(2), pages 76-88, April.
    18. Priti Yadav & Anshul Jain, 2023. "Sustainability disclosures and corporate boards: a stakeholder approach to decision-making," Journal of Applied Accounting Research, Emerald Group Publishing Limited, vol. 24(5), pages 1027-1047, April.
    19. Haseeb Ur Rahman & Muhammad Zahid & Amin Jan & Mamdouh Abdulaziz Saleh Al‐Faryan & Khaled Hussainey, 2024. "Is it the mere female directors or their attributes that matter for the quality of corporate sustainability disclosures?," Business Strategy and the Environment, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 33(2), pages 661-678, February.
    20. Mingjun Deng & Hao Tang & Wenbing Luo, 2024. "Can the green experience of CEO improve ESG performance in heavy polluting companies? Evidence from China," Managerial and Decision Economics, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., vol. 45(4), pages 2373-2392, June.

    More about this item

    Keywords

    ;
    ;
    ;
    ;

    Statistics

    Access and download statistics

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:eee:jcjust:v:101:y:2025:i:c:s0047235225001941. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: Catherine Liu (email available below). General contact details of provider: http://www.elsevier.com/locate/jcrimjus .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.