IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/eee/jbfina/v83y2017icp70-84.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

Gini-type measures of risk and variability: Gini shortfall, capital allocations, and heavy-tailed risks

Author

Listed:
  • Furman, Edward
  • Wang, Ruodu
  • Zitikis, Ričardas

Abstract

We introduce and explore Gini-type measures of risk and variability, and develop the corresponding economic capital allocation rules. The new measures are coherent, additive for co-monotonic risks, convenient computationally, and require only finiteness of the mean. To elucidate our theoretical considerations, we derive closed-form expressions for several parametric families of distributions that are of interest in insurance and finance, and further apply our findings to a risk portfolio of a bancassurance company.

Suggested Citation

  • Furman, Edward & Wang, Ruodu & Zitikis, Ričardas, 2017. "Gini-type measures of risk and variability: Gini shortfall, capital allocations, and heavy-tailed risks," Journal of Banking & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 83(C), pages 70-84.
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:jbfina:v:83:y:2017:i:c:p:70-84
    DOI: 10.1016/j.jbankfin.2017.06.013
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0378426617301474
    Download Restriction: Full text for ScienceDirect subscribers only
    File URL: https://libkey.io/10.1016/j.jbankfin.2017.06.013?utm_source=ideas
    LibKey link: if access is restricted and if your library uses this service, LibKey will redirect you to where you can use your library subscription to access this item
    ---><---

    As the access to this document is restricted, you may want to search for a different version of it.

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Yaari, Menahem E, 1987. "The Dual Theory of Choice under Risk," Econometrica, Econometric Society, vol. 55(1), pages 95-115, January.
    2. M. Kaina & L. Rüschendorf, 2009. "On convex risk measures on L p -spaces," Mathematical Methods of Operations Research, Springer;Gesellschaft für Operations Research (GOR);Nederlands Genootschap voor Besliskunde (NGB), vol. 69(3), pages 475-495, July.
    3. Lidia Ceriani & Paolo Verme, 2012. "The origins of the Gini index: extracts from Variabilità e Mutabilità (1912) by Corrado Gini," The Journal of Economic Inequality, Springer;Society for the Study of Economic Inequality, vol. 10(3), pages 421-443, September.
    4. Denneberg, Dieter, 1990. "Premium Calculation: Why Standard Deviation Should be Replaced by Absolute Deviation1," ASTIN Bulletin, Cambridge University Press, vol. 20(2), pages 181-190, November.
    5. Kevin Dowd & John Cotter & Ghulam Sorwar, 2008. "Spectral Risk Measures: Properties and Limitations," Journal of Financial Services Research, Springer;Western Finance Association, vol. 34(1), pages 61-75, August.
    6. De Waegenaere, Anja & Wakker, Peter P., 2001. "Nonmonotonic Choquet integrals," Journal of Mathematical Economics, Elsevier, vol. 36(1), pages 45-60, September.
    7. Acerbi, Carlo, 2002. "Spectral measures of risk: A coherent representation of subjective risk aversion," Journal of Banking & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 26(7), pages 1505-1518, July.
    8. Paul Embrechts & Giovanni Puccetti & Ludger Rüschendorf & Ruodu Wang & Antonela Beleraj, 2014. "An Academic Response to Basel 3.5," Risks, MDPI, vol. 2(1), pages 1-24, February.
    9. Furman, Edward & Landsman, Zinoviy, 2006. "Tail Variance Premium with Applications for Elliptical Portfolio of Risks," ASTIN Bulletin, Cambridge University Press, vol. 36(2), pages 433-462, November.
    10. Susanne Emmer & Marie Kratz & Dirk Tasche, 2013. "What is the best risk measure in practice? A comparison of standard measures," Papers 1312.1645, arXiv.org, revised Apr 2015.
    11. Edward Furman & Ričardas Zitikis, 2009. "Weighted Pricing Functionals With Applications to Insurance," North American Actuarial Journal, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 13(4), pages 483-496.
    12. Hans Föllmer & Alexander Schied, 2002. "Convex measures of risk and trading constraints," Finance and Stochastics, Springer, vol. 6(4), pages 429-447.
    13. R. Rockafellar & Stan Uryasev & Michael Zabarankin, 2006. "Generalized deviations in risk analysis," Finance and Stochastics, Springer, vol. 10(1), pages 51-74, January.
    14. Zinoviy Landsman & Emiliano Valdez, 2003. "Tail Conditional Expectations for Elliptical Distributions," North American Actuarial Journal, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 7(4), pages 55-71.
    15. Dhaene, J. & Denuit, M. & Goovaerts, M. J. & Kaas, R. & Vyncke, D., 2002. "The concept of comonotonicity in actuarial science and finance: theory," Insurance: Mathematics and Economics, Elsevier, vol. 31(1), pages 3-33, August.
    16. Dhaene, J. & Denuit, M. & Goovaerts, M. J. & Kaas, R. & Vyncke, D., 2002. "The concept of comonotonicity in actuarial science and finance: applications," Insurance: Mathematics and Economics, Elsevier, vol. 31(2), pages 133-161, October.
    17. Bogdan Grechuk & Anton Molyboha & Michael Zabarankin, 2009. "Maximum Entropy Principle with General Deviation Measures," Mathematics of Operations Research, INFORMS, vol. 34(2), pages 445-467, May.
    18. Seal, Hilary L., 1980. "Survival Probabilities Based on Pareto Claim Distributions," ASTIN Bulletin, Cambridge University Press, vol. 11(1), pages 61-71, June.
    19. Adelchi Azzalini & Antonella Capitanio, 2003. "Distributions generated by perturbation of symmetry with emphasis on a multivariate skew t‐distribution," Journal of the Royal Statistical Society Series B, Royal Statistical Society, vol. 65(2), pages 367-389, May.
    20. Viral Acharya & Robert Engle & Matthew Richardson, 2012. "Capital Shortfall: A New Approach to Ranking and Regulating Systemic Risks," American Economic Review, American Economic Association, vol. 102(3), pages 59-64, May.
    21. Alexander J. McNeil & Rüdiger Frey & Paul Embrechts, 2015. "Quantitative Risk Management: Concepts, Techniques and Tools Revised edition," Economics Books, Princeton University Press, edition 2, number 10496.
    22. Paul Embrechts & Bin Wang & Ruodu Wang, 2015. "Aggregation-robustness and model uncertainty of regulatory risk measures," Finance and Stochastics, Springer, vol. 19(4), pages 763-790, October.
    23. Philippe Artzner & Freddy Delbaen & Jean‐Marc Eber & David Heath, 1999. "Coherent Measures of Risk," Mathematical Finance, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 9(3), pages 203-228, July.
    24. Rothschild, Michael & Stiglitz, Joseph E., 1970. "Increasing risk: I. A definition," Journal of Economic Theory, Elsevier, vol. 2(3), pages 225-243, September.
    25. Hans Föllmer & Stefan Weber, 2015. "The Axiomatic Approach to Risk Measures for Capital Determination," Annual Review of Financial Economics, Annual Reviews, vol. 7(1), pages 301-337, December.
    26. R. Tyrrell Rockafellar & Stan Uryasev & Michael Zabarankin, 2008. "Risk Tuning with Generalized Linear Regression," Mathematics of Operations Research, INFORMS, vol. 33(3), pages 712-729, August.
    27. Rose‐Anne Dana, 2005. "A Representation Result For Concave Schur Concave Functions," Mathematical Finance, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 15(4), pages 613-634, October.
    28. Furman, Edward & Zitikis, Ricardas, 2008. "Weighted risk capital allocations," Insurance: Mathematics and Economics, Elsevier, vol. 43(2), pages 263-269, October.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Ruodu Wang & Ričardas Zitikis, 2021. "An Axiomatic Foundation for the Expected Shortfall," Management Science, INFORMS, vol. 67(3), pages 1413-1429, March.
    2. Berkhouch, Mohammed & Lakhnati, Ghizlane, 2017. "Extended Gini-type measures of risk and variability," MPRA Paper 80329, University Library of Munich, Germany.
    3. Mohammed Berkhouch & Ghizlane Lakhnati & Marcelo Brutti Righi, 2017. "Extended Gini-type measures of risk and variability," Papers 1707.07322, arXiv.org, revised Mar 2018.
    4. Ruodu Wang & Yunran Wei & Gordon E. Willmot, 2020. "Characterization, Robustness, and Aggregation of Signed Choquet Integrals," Mathematics of Operations Research, INFORMS, vol. 45(3), pages 993-1015, August.
    5. Xia Han & Ruodu Wang & Qinyu Wu, 2023. "Monotonic mean-deviation risk measures," Papers 2312.01034, arXiv.org.
    6. Gilles Boevi Koumou & Georges Dionne, 2022. "Coherent Diversification Measures in Portfolio Theory: An Axiomatic Foundation," Risks, MDPI, vol. 10(11), pages 1-19, October.
    7. Xia Han & Ruodu Wang & Xun Yu Zhou, 2022. "Choquet regularization for reinforcement learning," Papers 2208.08497, arXiv.org.
    8. Hu, Taizhong & Chen, Ouxiang, 2020. "On a family of coherent measures of variability," Insurance: Mathematics and Economics, Elsevier, vol. 95(C), pages 173-182.
    9. Ruodu Wang & Johanna F. Ziegel, 2018. "Scenario-based Risk Evaluation," Papers 1808.07339, arXiv.org, revised May 2021.
    10. Xia Han & Liyuan Lin & Ruodu Wang, 2022. "Diversification quotients: Quantifying diversification via risk measures," Papers 2206.13679, arXiv.org, revised Mar 2024.
    11. Marcelo Brutti Righi, 2019. "A composition between risk and deviation measures," Annals of Operations Research, Springer, vol. 282(1), pages 299-313, November.
    12. Ruodu Wang & Johanna F. Ziegel, 2021. "Scenario-based risk evaluation," Finance and Stochastics, Springer, vol. 25(4), pages 725-756, October.
    13. Mohammed Berkhouch & Fernanda Maria Müller & Ghizlane Lakhnati & Marcelo Brutti Righi, 2022. "Deviation-Based Model Risk Measures," Computational Economics, Springer;Society for Computational Economics, vol. 59(2), pages 527-547, February.
    14. Marcelo Brutti Righi & Fernanda Maria Muller & Marlon Ruoso Moresco, 2017. "On a robust risk measurement approach for capital determination errors minimization," Papers 1707.09829, arXiv.org, revised Oct 2020.
    15. Ruodu Wang & Ricardas Zitikis, 2018. "Weak comonotonicity," Papers 1812.04827, arXiv.org, revised Sep 2019.
    16. Marcelo Brutti Righi & Fernanda Maria Muller & Marlon Ruoso Moresco, 2022. "A risk measurement approach from risk-averse stochastic optimization of score functions," Papers 2208.14809, arXiv.org, revised May 2023.
    17. Wang, Ruodu & Zitikis, Ričardas, 2020. "Weak comonotonicity," European Journal of Operational Research, Elsevier, vol. 282(1), pages 386-397.
    18. Samuel Solgon Santos & Marlon Ruoso Moresco & Marcelo Brutti Righi & Eduardo de Oliveira Horta, 2023. "A note on the induction of comonotonic additive risk measures from acceptance sets," Papers 2307.04647, arXiv.org, revised Jul 2023.
    19. Lauzier, Jean-Gabriel & Lin, Liyuan & Wang, Ruodu, 2023. "Pairwise counter-monotonicity," Insurance: Mathematics and Economics, Elsevier, vol. 111(C), pages 279-287.
    20. Silvana Pesenti & Qiuqi Wang & Ruodu Wang, 2020. "Optimizing distortion riskmetrics with distributional uncertainty," Papers 2011.04889, arXiv.org, revised Feb 2022.

    More about this item

    Keywords

    Risk measure; Variability measure; Gini shortfall; Gini capital allocation; Choquet integral;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • C6 - Mathematical and Quantitative Methods - - Mathematical Methods; Programming Models; Mathematical and Simulation Modeling
    • G10 - Financial Economics - - General Financial Markets - - - General (includes Measurement and Data)

    Statistics

    Access and download statistics

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:eee:jbfina:v:83:y:2017:i:c:p:70-84. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: Catherine Liu (email available below). General contact details of provider: http://www.elsevier.com/locate/jbf .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.