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Heat pumps in combined heat and power systems

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  • Ommen, Torben
  • Markussen, Wiebke Brix
  • Elmegaard, Brian

Abstract

Heat pumps have previously been proposed as a way to integrate higher amounts of renewable energy in DH (district heating) networks by integrating, e.g., wind power. The paper identifies and compares five generic configurations of heat pumps in DH systems. The operational performance of the configurations is investigated at both local and system level considering different DH network temperatures, different fuels and different production technologies in the DH network. The results show that in terms of system performance and cost of fuel one or two configurations are superior for all of the considered cases. When considering a case where the heat pump is located at a CHP (combined heat and power) plant, a configuration that increases the DH return temperature proposes the lowest operation cost, as low as 12 EUR MWh−1 for a 90 °C – 40 °C DH network. Considering the volumetric heating capacity, a third configuration is superior in all cases. Finally, the three most promising heat pump configurations are integrated in a modified PQ-diagram of the CHP plant. Each show individual advantages, and for two, also disadvantages in order to achieve flexible operation.

Suggested Citation

  • Ommen, Torben & Markussen, Wiebke Brix & Elmegaard, Brian, 2014. "Heat pumps in combined heat and power systems," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 76(C), pages 989-1000.
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:energy:v:76:y:2014:i:c:p:989-1000
    DOI: 10.1016/j.energy.2014.09.016
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    4. Dorotić, Hrvoje & Pukšec, Tomislav & Schneider, Daniel Rolph & Duić, Neven, 2021. "Evaluation of district heating with regard to individual systems – Importance of carbon and cost allocation in cogeneration units," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 221(C).
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    7. Cynthia Boysen & Cord Kaldemeyer & Simon Hilpert & Ilja Tuschy, 2019. "Integration of Flow Temperatures in Unit Commitment Models of Future District Heating Systems," Energies, MDPI, vol. 12(6), pages 1-19, March.
    8. Tereshchenko, Tymofii & Nord, Natasa, 2016. "Energy planning of district heating for future building stock based on renewable energies and increasing supply flexibility," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 112(C), pages 1227-1244.
    9. Fabian Bühler & Stefan Petrović & Torben Ommen & Fridolin Müller Holm & Henrik Pieper & Brian Elmegaard, 2018. "Identification and Evaluation of Cases for Excess Heat Utilisation Using GIS," Energies, MDPI, vol. 11(4), pages 1-24, March.
    10. Pieper, Henrik & Krupenski, Igor & Brix Markussen, Wiebke & Ommen, Torben & Siirde, Andres & Volkova, Anna, 2021. "Method of linear approximation of COP for heat pumps and chillers based on thermodynamic modelling and off-design operation," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 230(C).
    11. Kang, Shushuo & Li, Hongqiang & Lei, Jing & Liu, Lifang & Cai, Bo & Zhang, Guoqiang, 2015. "A new utilization approach of the waste heat with mid-low temperature in the combined heating and power system integrating heat pump," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 160(C), pages 185-193.
    12. Ommen, Torben & Thorsen, Jan Eric & Markussen, Wiebke Brix & Elmegaard, Brian, 2017. "Performance of ultra low temperature district heating systems with utility plant and booster heat pumps," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 137(C), pages 544-555.
    13. Heng Chen & Zhen Qi & Qiao Chen & Yunyun Wu & Gang Xu & Yongping Yang, 2018. "Modified High Back-Pressure Heating System Integrated with Raw Coal Pre-Drying in Combined Heat and Power Unit," Energies, MDPI, vol. 11(9), pages 1-16, September.
    14. Bühler, Fabian & Petrović, Stefan & Holm, Fridolin Müller & Karlsson, Kenneth & Elmegaard, Brian, 2018. "Spatiotemporal and economic analysis of industrial excess heat as a resource for district heating," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 151(C), pages 715-728.
    15. Petrović, Stefan & Bühler, Fabian & Radoman, Uroš & McKenna, Russell, 2022. "Power transformers as excess heat sources – a case study for Denmark," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 239(PE).
    16. Ommen, Torben & Markussen, Wiebke Brix & Elmegaard, Brian, 2016. "Lowering district heating temperatures – Impact to system performance in current and future Danish energy scenarios," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 94(C), pages 273-291.
    17. Hu, Tianle & Xie, Xiaoyun & Jiang, Yi, 2017. "Simulation research on a variable-lift absorption cycle and its application in waste heat recovery of combined heat and power system," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 140(P1), pages 912-921.
    18. Hubeck-Graudal, Helga & Kirstein, Jonas Kjeld & Ommen, Torben & Rygaard, Martin & Elmegaard, Brian, 2020. "Drinking water supply as low-temperature source in the district heating system: A case study for the city of Copenhagen," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 194(C).
    19. Guelpa, E. & Capone, M. & Sciacovelli, A. & Vasset, N. & Baviere, R. & Verda, V., 2023. "Reduction of supply temperature in existing district heating: A review of strategies and implementations," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 262(PB).
    20. Panowski, Marcin & Zarzycki, Robert & Kobyłecki, Rafał, 2021. "Conversion of steam power plant into cogeneration unit - Case study," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 231(C).
    21. Bach, Bjarne & Werling, Jesper & Ommen, Torben & Münster, Marie & Morales, Juan M. & Elmegaard, Brian, 2016. "Integration of large-scale heat pumps in the district heating systems of Greater Copenhagen," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 107(C), pages 321-334.
    22. Martina Capone & Elisa Guelpa & Vittorio Verda, 2023. "Optimal Installation of Heat Pumps in Large District Heating Networks," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(3), pages 1-23, February.

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