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H2–CO-rich syngas in HCCI Engines: Combustion performance, challenges, and future prospects – A comprehensive review

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  • Ali, Kabbir
  • Mohammedali, Abubaker A.M.
  • Omara, Adil A.M.
  • Ali, Mohamed I.Hassan

Abstract

The increasing global demand for sustainable and low-emission propulsion systems has renewed attention toward H2–CO-rich syngas as a promising fuel for homogeneous charge compression ignition (HCCI) engines. This review comprehensively examines the combustion performance, operational challenges, and technological opportunities associated with using low-calorific-value syngas—derived from coal, biomass, and waste gasification—in HCCI systems. The high hydrogen content of syngas enhances reactivity and promotes lean, low-temperature combustion, substantially reducing nitrogen oxides (NOx) and particulate emissions, whereas carbon monoxide contributes to controllable combustion phasing and improved stability. However, the variability of syngas composition, low energy density, and high auto-ignition propensity complicate ignition control, knock suppression, and load flexibility.

Suggested Citation

  • Ali, Kabbir & Mohammedali, Abubaker A.M. & Omara, Adil A.M. & Ali, Mohamed I.Hassan, 2026. "H2–CO-rich syngas in HCCI Engines: Combustion performance, challenges, and future prospects – A comprehensive review," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 342(C).
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:energy:v:342:y:2026:i:c:s0360544225053009
    DOI: 10.1016/j.energy.2025.139658
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