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Energy management strategy for a hybrid six-stack fuel cell vehicle based on DDPG

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  • Yuan, Xiaohong
  • Ma, Zeyu
  • Wen, Shiqiang
  • Liu, Xun
  • Su, Chuqi
  • Wang, Yiping

Abstract

In this study, a three-group hybrid stack architecture is designed for a large multi-stack fuel cell hybrid electric tractor with six stacks. For the tractor's powertrain, a two-layer EMS based on DDPG is proposed. Through the simulation of different scenarios, the performance of the proposed architecture and strategy is verified. The performance of the proposed architecture with high stability and lower DC-DC power losses compared to other architectures is verified. Compared with the traditional DP strategy, the proposed strategy can prevent the battery SOC from changing drastically in a short period of time, and keep the battery SOC close to the initial SOC. In addition, it can maintain the stack in the high-efficiency range of more than 45 % almost all the time, which can reduce hydrogen consumption by 5–10 percent, and can also lower the overall voltage drop to between 50 % and 60 % thereby extending the life of the stack. To culminate, the empirical performance of the three-group stack structure and the two-layer EMS is examined through on-road vehicle experiments to validate the plausibility of the simulation data.

Suggested Citation

  • Yuan, Xiaohong & Ma, Zeyu & Wen, Shiqiang & Liu, Xun & Su, Chuqi & Wang, Yiping, 2025. "Energy management strategy for a hybrid six-stack fuel cell vehicle based on DDPG," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 337(C).
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:energy:v:337:y:2025:i:c:s0360544225042483
    DOI: 10.1016/j.energy.2025.138606
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