A two-stage hybrid stochastic-robust policy of decentralized distributionally energy management for offshore oil and gas platform energy hub coupled with shared energy marine transport fleets

The sustainable operation of Offshore Integrated Energy Hubs (OIEHs) faces significant challenges, particularly in achieving energy self-sufficiency and enhancing resilience against complex operational interactions—issues compounded by the prevailing reliance on fossil fuel-based systems. This paper proposes a novel Decentralized Energy Management (DEM) strategy designed specifically for OIEHs, involving the integration of Shared Energy Marine Transport Fleets (SEMTFs) equipped with Mobile Electrical Storage Packs (MESPs) to facilitate decentralized power delivery. A major contribution of this research is the development of a Coordinated Linkage Energy Flow Model (CLEFM), enabling dynamic and efficient spatiotemporal energy exchange between the seaport and offshore hubs. Furthermore, the study introduces an innovative hybrid uncertainty management framework based on a two-stage methodology: scenario-based stochastic programming combined with robust optimization leveraging risk-averse decision-maker-based information gap decision theory. This dual approach addresses critical uncertainties associated with offshore renewable energy generation and fluctuating demand profiles. The resulting DEM problem is formulated as a Mixed-Integer Linear Programming (MILP) model and solved using the CPLEX solver within a GAMS environment. To evaluate the effectiveness of the proposed system, seven comprehensive case studies were conducted. Simulation results demonstrate considerable improvements in system flexibility, sustainability, and autonomy, as well as enhanced responsiveness to varying operational conditions. Notably, the proposed strategy achieved operational cost reductions ranging from 55 % to 81 %, with these savings explicitly attributed to optimized utilization of PEMFCs, BDGs, and SEMTFs—elements that represent the primary contributors to the system's operational expenditures. In addition, the model integrates Demand Response Programs (DRPs) and Seaport-Independent Centralized Clean Energy Sources (SICCESs), further improving the robustness and energy independence of OIEHs. Overall, the proposed approach offers a scalable, resilient, and economically viable framework that addresses critical gaps in offshore energy operations, thereby advancing the development of green synergy policies and promoting long-term sustainability in marine energy ecosystems.