IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/eee/energy/v325y2025ics0360544225017979.html

An accurate state of health estimation method for lithium-ion batteries based on expansion force analysis

Author

Listed:
  • Xu, Qing
  • Wang, Xiaoyang
  • Ye, Hong
  • Gong, Lili
  • Tan, Peng
  • Pan, Tingrui

Abstract

Accurate estimation of the state of health (SOH) of lithium-ion batteries is essential for their safe and efficient management. However, commonly used electrical signals often fail to effectively represent battery aging and are particularly sensitive to external disturbances. To overcome this limitation, a novel SOH estimation method is proposed based on the expansion force. An experimental setup is developed to measure expansion force during long-term cycling and dynamic conditions, allowing for a systematic analysis of the relationship between expansion force and battery aging. Key aging indicators are innovatively extracted from phase transition inflection points in the expansion force curve and utilized as inputs to a neural network regression model. Results show that this new method achieves a root mean square error of 0.058 %, an order of magnitude improvement over traditional methods. The effectiveness of the approach is further validated across multiple prediction algorithms, demonstrating its robustness and adaptability, with all errors remaining below 0.2 %. This study offers an innovative and effective solution for SOH estimation, enhancing battery management practices.

Suggested Citation

  • Xu, Qing & Wang, Xiaoyang & Ye, Hong & Gong, Lili & Tan, Peng & Pan, Tingrui, 2025. "An accurate state of health estimation method for lithium-ion batteries based on expansion force analysis," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 325(C).
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:energy:v:325:y:2025:i:c:s0360544225017979
    DOI: 10.1016/j.energy.2025.136155
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0360544225017979
    Download Restriction: Full text for ScienceDirect subscribers only
    File URL: https://libkey.io/10.1016/j.energy.2025.136155?utm_source=ideas
    LibKey link: if access is restricted and if your library uses this service, LibKey will redirect you to where you can use your library subscription to access this item
    ---><---

    As the access to this document is restricted, you may want to

    for a different version of it.

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Lin, Mingqiang & Wu, Denggao & Meng, Jinhao & Wang, Wei & Wu, Ji, 2023. "Health prognosis for lithium-ion battery with multi-feature optimization," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 264(C).
    2. Li, J. & Adewuyi, K. & Lotfi, N. & Landers, R.G. & Park, J., 2018. "A single particle model with chemical/mechanical degradation physics for lithium ion battery State of Health (SOH) estimation," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 212(C), pages 1178-1190.
    3. Meng, Huixing & Geng, Mengyao & Xing, Jinduo & Zio, Enrico, 2022. "A hybrid method for prognostics of lithium-ion batteries capacity considering regeneration phenomena," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 261(PB).
    4. Jiang, Yihui & Xu, Jun & Hou, Wenlong & Mei, Xuesong, 2021. "A stack pressure based equivalent mechanical model of lithium-ion pouch batteries," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 221(C).
    5. Ren, Xiaoqing & Liu, Shulin & Yu, Xiaodong & Dong, Xia, 2021. "A method for state-of-charge estimation of lithium-ion batteries based on PSO-LSTM," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 234(C).
    6. Zhang, Ying & Li, Yan-Fu, 2022. "Prognostics and health management of Lithium-ion battery using deep learning methods: A review," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 161(C).
    7. Waag, Wladislaw & Käbitz, Stefan & Sauer, Dirk Uwe, 2013. "Experimental investigation of the lithium-ion battery impedance characteristic at various conditions and aging states and its influence on the application," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 102(C), pages 885-897.
    8. Jiangong Zhu & Yixiu Wang & Yuan Huang & R. Bhushan Gopaluni & Yankai Cao & Michael Heere & Martin J. Mühlbauer & Liuda Mereacre & Haifeng Dai & Xinhua Liu & Anatoliy Senyshyn & Xuezhe Wei & Michael K, 2022. "Data-driven capacity estimation of commercial lithium-ion batteries from voltage relaxation," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 13(1), pages 1-10, December.
    9. Li, Yi & Liu, Kailong & Foley, Aoife M. & Zülke, Alana & Berecibar, Maitane & Nanini-Maury, Elise & Van Mierlo, Joeri & Hoster, Harry E., 2019. "Data-driven health estimation and lifetime prediction of lithium-ion batteries: A review," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 113(C), pages 1-1.
    10. Chang, Chun & Wu, Yutong & Jiang, Jiuchun & Jiang, Yan & Tian, Aina & Li, Taiyu & Gao, Yang, 2022. "Prognostics of the state of health for lithium-ion battery packs in energy storage applications," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 239(PB).
    11. Shi, Mingjie & Xu, Jun & Lin, Chuanping & Mei, Xuesong, 2022. "A fast state-of-health estimation method using single linear feature for lithium-ion batteries," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 256(C).
    12. Gavin Harper & Roberto Sommerville & Emma Kendrick & Laura Driscoll & Peter Slater & Rustam Stolkin & Allan Walton & Paul Christensen & Oliver Heidrich & Simon Lambert & Andrew Abbott & Karl Ryder & L, 2019. "Recycling lithium-ion batteries from electric vehicles," Nature, Nature, vol. 575(7781), pages 75-86, November.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Citations

    Citations are extracted by the CitEc Project, subscribe to its RSS feed for this item.
    as


    Cited by:

    1. Li, Haoyuan & Li, Xiaoyu & Dong, Yang & Hang, Hanyuan & Tian, Yong & Tian, Jindong, 2025. "A cross-material lithium-ion battery state of health estimation method based on three-stage domain adaptation," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 341(C).
    2. Wang, Yaxuan & Guo, Shilong & Cui, Yue & Deng, Liang & Zhao, Lei & Li, Junfu & Wang, Zhenbo, 2025. "A comprehensive review of machine learning-based state of health estimation for lithium-ion batteries: data, features, algorithms, and future challenges," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 224(C).

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Gao, Kai & Li, Qi & Hu, Lin & Huang, Jing & Li, Heng & Wu, Yue, 2026. "Physical informed neural network for SOH estimation of lithium-ion battery with electrochemical mechanism," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 342(C).
    2. Donghui Ding & Zhao Li & Linhao Luo & Ming Jin & Bin Zhu & Yichen Zhong & Junhao Hu & Peng Cai & Huiqi Hu, 2025. "Large lithium-ion battery model for secure shared electric bike battery in smart cities," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 16(1), pages 1-12, December.
    3. Deng, Weikun & Le, Hung & Nguyen, Khanh T.P. & Gogu, Christian & Medjaher, Kamal & Morio, Jérôme & Wu, Dazhong, 2025. "A Generic physics-informed machine learning framework for battery remaining useful life prediction using small early-stage lifecycle data," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 384(C).
    4. Chen, Kui & Luo, Yang & Long, Zhou & Li, Yang & Nie, Guangbo & Liu, Kai & Xin, Dongli & Gao, Guoqiang & Wu, Guangning, 2025. "Big data-driven prognostics and health management of lithium-ion batteries:A review," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 214(C).
    5. Zhao, Bo & Zhang, Weige & Zhang, Yanru & Zhang, Caiping & Zhang, Chi & Zhang, Junwei, 2025. "Lithium-ion battery remaining useful life prediction based on interpretable deep learning and network parameter optimization," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 379(C).
    6. Lin, Yan-Hui & Ruan, Sheng-Jia & Chen, Yun-Xia & Li, Yan-Fu, 2023. "Physics-informed deep learning for lithium-ion battery diagnostics using electrochemical impedance spectroscopy," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 188(C).
    7. Fujin Wang & Zhi Zhai & Zhibin Zhao & Yi Di & Xuefeng Chen, 2024. "Physics-informed neural network for lithium-ion battery degradation stable modeling and prognosis," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 15(1), pages 1-12, December.
    8. Zhao, Jingyuan & Qu, Xudong & Li, Yuqi & Nan, Jinrui & Burke, Andrew F., 2025. "Real-time prediction of battery remaining useful life using hybrid-fusion deep neural networks," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 328(C).
    9. Yao, Jiachi & Han, Te, 2023. "Data-driven lithium-ion batteries capacity estimation based on deep transfer learning using partial segment of charging/discharging data," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 271(C).
    10. Kurucan, Mehmet & Özbaltan, Mete & Yetgin, Zeki & Alkaya, Alkan, 2024. "Applications of artificial neural network based battery management systems: A literature review," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 192(C).
    11. Huang, Kai & Yao, Kaixin & Guo, Yongfang & Lv, Ziteng, 2023. "State of health estimation of lithium-ion batteries based on fine-tuning or rebuilding transfer learning strategies combined with new features mining," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 282(C).
    12. Liu, Mengmeng & Xu, Jun & Jiang, Yihui & Mei, Xuesong, 2023. "Multi-dimensional features based data-driven state of charge estimation method for LiFePO4 batteries," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 274(C).
    13. Fu, Shiyi & Fan, Hongtao & Jin, Zhaorui & Ji, Fan & Tao, Yulin & Dong, Yachao & Chen, Xunyuan & Shao, Minghao & Yuan, Shuyu & Wang, Yu & Sun, Yaojie, 2026. "Recent progress in state of health estimation for lithium-ion batteries: From laboratory to practical application," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 226(PB).
    14. Ye, Jinhua & Xie, Quan & Lin, Mingqiang & Wu, Ji, 2024. "A method for estimating the state of health of lithium-ion batteries based on physics-informed neural network," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 294(C).
    15. Zhao, Jiemin & Guo, Wenyao & Pan, Hui & Gao, Qingwei & Shi, Penghui & Min, Yulin, 2025. "Lithium-ion battery state-of-health estimation based on TVFEMD and BiLSTM-Attention," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 332(C).
    16. Mohammed, Abubakar Gambo & Elfeky, Karem Elsayed & Wang, Qiuwang, 2022. "Recent advancement and enhanced battery performance using phase change materials based hybrid battery thermal management for electric vehicles," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 154(C).
    17. Cui, Binghan & Wang, Han & Li, Renlong & Xiang, Lizhi & Zhao, Huaian & Xiao, Rang & Li, Sai & Liu, Zheng & Yin, Geping & Cheng, Xinqun & Ma, Yulin & Huo, Hua & Zuo, Pengjian & Lu, Taolin & Xie, Jingyi, 2024. "Ultra-early prediction of lithium-ion battery performance using mechanism and data-driven fusion model," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 353(PA).
    18. Wang, Huan & Li, Yan-Fu & Zhang, Ying, 2023. "Bioinspired spiking spatiotemporal attention framework for lithium-ion batteries state-of-health estimation," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 188(C).
    19. Takyi-Aninakwa, Paul & Wang, Shunli & Zhang, Hongying & Yang, Xiaoyong & Fernandez, Carlos, 2022. "An optimized long short-term memory-weighted fading extended Kalman filtering model with wide temperature adaptation for the state of charge estimation of lithium-ion batteries," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 326(C).
    20. Gu, Xubo & Bai, Hanyu & Cui, Xiaofan & Zhu, Juner & Zhuang, Weichao & Li, Zhaojian & Hu, Xiaosong & Song, Ziyou, 2024. "Challenges and opportunities for second-life batteries: Key technologies and economy," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 192(C).

    More about this item

    Keywords

    ;
    ;
    ;
    ;

    Statistics

    Access and download statistics

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:eee:energy:v:325:y:2025:i:c:s0360544225017979. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: Catherine Liu (email available below). General contact details of provider: http://www.journals.elsevier.com/energy .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.