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Recycling lithium-ion batteries from electric vehicles

Author

Listed:
  • Gavin Harper

    (University of Birmingham
    University of Birmingham
    University of Birmingham)

  • Roberto Sommerville

    (University of Birmingham
    University of Birmingham
    University of Birmingham)

  • Emma Kendrick

    (University of Birmingham
    University of Birmingham
    University of Birmingham)

  • Laura Driscoll

    (University of Birmingham
    University of Birmingham
    University of Birmingham)

  • Peter Slater

    (University of Birmingham
    University of Birmingham
    University of Birmingham)

  • Rustam Stolkin

    (University of Birmingham
    University of Birmingham
    University of Birmingham
    University of Birmingham)

  • Allan Walton

    (University of Birmingham
    University of Birmingham
    University of Birmingham)

  • Paul Christensen

    (University of Birmingham
    Newcastle University)

  • Oliver Heidrich

    (University of Birmingham
    Newcastle University
    Newcastle University)

  • Simon Lambert

    (University of Birmingham
    Newcastle University)

  • Andrew Abbott

    (University of Birmingham
    University of Leicester)

  • Karl Ryder

    (University of Birmingham
    University of Leicester)

  • Linda Gaines

    (Argonne National Laboratory)

  • Paul Anderson

    (University of Birmingham
    University of Birmingham
    University of Birmingham)

Abstract

Rapid growth in the market for electric vehicles is imperative, to meet global targets for reducing greenhouse gas emissions, to improve air quality in urban centres and to meet the needs of consumers, with whom electric vehicles are increasingly popular. However, growing numbers of electric vehicles present a serious waste-management challenge for recyclers at end-of-life. Nevertheless, spent batteries may also present an opportunity as manufacturers require access to strategic elements and critical materials for key components in electric-vehicle manufacture: recycled lithium-ion batteries from electric vehicles could provide a valuable secondary source of materials. Here we outline and evaluate the current range of approaches to electric-vehicle lithium-ion battery recycling and re-use, and highlight areas for future progress.

Suggested Citation

  • Gavin Harper & Roberto Sommerville & Emma Kendrick & Laura Driscoll & Peter Slater & Rustam Stolkin & Allan Walton & Paul Christensen & Oliver Heidrich & Simon Lambert & Andrew Abbott & Karl Ryder & L, 2019. "Recycling lithium-ion batteries from electric vehicles," Nature, Nature, vol. 575(7781), pages 75-86, November.
    • Handle: RePEc:nat:nature:v:575:y:2019:i:7781:d:10.1038_s41586-019-1682-5
    DOI: 10.1038/s41586-019-1682-5
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