IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/eee/energy/v324y2025ics0360544225016159.html

An additional guide vane opening control for doubly-fed variable-speed pumped hydro storage to improve frequency response

Author

Listed:
  • Liu, Muyang
  • Wang, Pengliang
  • Ge, Chenchen
  • Mao, Shanxiang
  • Liang, Shaohui
  • Chen, Junru

Abstract

The decoupling control of doubly-fed variable-speed pumped hydro storage (DFVSPHS) causes the inability of its rotor to respond to the frequency deviation in the system. This study proposes an additional guide vane opening (GVO) control of DFVSPHS to improve the frequency support ability of the DFVSPHS. First, the mathematical models of doubly-fed induction machine (DFIM) and pump-turbine are set up, and the speed and GVO are optimally controlled according to the complete characteristic curve (CCC) of the pump-turbine to improve the overall operating efficiency of the DFVSPHS. Second, the frequency deviation signal is fed to the power control of the DFIM and the GVO control loop of the pump-turbine, which realizes the joint participation of the two components in the frequency regulation of the DFVSPHS. Finally, the influence of the traditional virtual inertia and the frequency control strategy with the proposed additional GVO control on the frequency regulation effect of the power system is compared through simulation tests. Results show that the proposed GVO control can mitigate the maximal frequency deviation following the contingency and reduce the steady-state error of the primary frequency control of the power system under both the turbine and pump modes.

Suggested Citation

  • Liu, Muyang & Wang, Pengliang & Ge, Chenchen & Mao, Shanxiang & Liang, Shaohui & Chen, Junru, 2025. "An additional guide vane opening control for doubly-fed variable-speed pumped hydro storage to improve frequency response," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 324(C).
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:energy:v:324:y:2025:i:c:s0360544225016159
    DOI: 10.1016/j.energy.2025.135973
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0360544225016159
    Download Restriction: Full text for ScienceDirect subscribers only
    File URL: https://libkey.io/10.1016/j.energy.2025.135973?utm_source=ideas
    LibKey link: if access is restricted and if your library uses this service, LibKey will redirect you to where you can use your library subscription to access this item
    ---><---

    As the access to this document is restricted, you may want to

    for a different version of it.

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Vasudevan, Krishnakumar R. & Ramachandaramurthy, Vigna K. & Venugopal, Gomathi & Ekanayake, J.B. & Tiong, S.K., 2021. "Variable speed pumped hydro storage: A review of converters, controls and energy management strategies," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 135(C).
    2. Zhao, Ziwen & Yuan, Yichen & He, Mengjiao & Jurasz, Jakub & Wang, Jianan & Egusquiza, Mònica & Egusquiza, Eduard & Xu, Beibei & Chen, Diyi, 2022. "Stability and efficiency performance of pumped hydro energy storage system for higher flexibility," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 199(C), pages 1482-1494.
    3. Yan, Xiaotong & Kan, Kan & Zheng, Yuan & Xu, Zhe & Rossi, Mosè & Xu, Lianchen & Chen, Huixiang, 2024. "The vortex dynamics characteristics in a pump-turbine: A rigid vorticity analysis while varying guide vane openings in turbine mode," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 289(C).
    4. Schmidt, J. & Kemmetmüller, W. & Kugi, A., 2017. "Modeling and static optimization of a variable speed pumped storage power plant," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 111(C), pages 38-51.
    5. Zhao, Zhigao & Yang, Jiandong & Chung, C.Y. & Yang, Weijia & He, Xianghui & Chen, Man, 2021. "Performance enhancement of pumped storage units for system frequency support based on a novel small signal model," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 234(C).
    6. Huang, Yifan & Yang, Weijia & Zhao, Zhigao & Han, Wenfu & Li, Yulan & Yang, Jiandong, 2023. "Dynamic modeling and favorable speed command of variable-speed pumped-storage unit during power regulation," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 206(C), pages 769-783.
    7. Mararakanye, Ndamulelo & Bekker, Bernard, 2019. "Renewable energy integration impacts within the context of generator type, penetration level and grid characteristics," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 108(C), pages 441-451.
    8. Hoffstaedt, J.P. & Truijen, D.P.K. & Fahlbeck, J. & Gans, L.H.A. & Qudaih, M. & Laguna, A.J. & De Kooning, J.D.M. & Stockman, K. & Nilsson, H. & Storli, P.-T. & Engel, B. & Marence, M. & Bricker, J.D., 2022. "Low-head pumped hydro storage: A review of applicable technologies for design, grid integration, control and modelling," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 158(C).
    9. Zhao, Ziwen & Ding, Xinjun & Behrens, Paul & Li, Jianling & He, Mengjiao & Gao, Yuanqiang & Liu, Gongcheng & Xu, Beibei & Chen, Diyi, 2023. "The importance of flexible hydropower in providing electricity stability during China’s coal phase-out," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 336(C).
    10. Alizadeh Bidgoli, Mohsen & Yang, Weijia & Ahmadian, Ali, 2020. "DFIM versus synchronous machine for variable speed pumped storage hydropower plants: A comparative evaluation of technical performance," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 159(C), pages 72-86.
    11. Shi, Linjun & Lao, Wenjie & Wu, Feng & Lee, Kwang Y. & Li, Yang & Lin, Keman, 2023. "DDPG-based load frequency control for power systems with renewable energy by DFIM pumped storage hydro unit," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 218(C).
    12. Lu, Xueding & Li, Chaoshun & Liu, Dong & Zhu, Zhiwei & Tan, Xiaoqiang & Xu, Rongli, 2023. "Comprehensive stability analysis of complex hydropower system under flexible operating conditions based on a fast stability domain solving method," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 274(C).
    13. Liu, Ming & Tan, Lei & Zhao, Xuechu & Ma, Can & Gou, Jinlan, 2024. "Theoretical model on transient performance of a centrifugal pump under start-up conditions in pumped-storage system," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 299(C).
    14. An, Xugang & He, Qing & Zhang, Qianxu & Liu, Ruonan & Lu, Chang & Du, Dongmei, 2024. "Physical modeling and dynamic characteristics of pumped thermal energy storage system," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 290(C).
    15. Chen, Jinbao & Liu, Shaohua & Wang, Yunhe & Hu, Wenqing & Zou, Yidong & Zheng, Yang & Xiao, Zhihuai, 2024. "Generalized predictive control application scheme for nonlinear hydro-turbine regulation system: Based on a precise novel control structure," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 296(C).
    16. He, Xianghui & Yang, Jiandong & Yang, Jiebin & Zhao, Zhigao & Hu, Jinhong & Peng, Tao, 2023. "Evolution mechanism of water column separation in pump turbine: Model experiment and occurrence criterion," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 265(C).
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Zhang, Pengcheng & Cheng, Yongguang & Hu, Zanao & Xue, Song & Li, Wenxin & Zhao, Zhigao & Yang, Weijia & Hu, Zhaohua, 2025. "CFD-based hydraulic-mechanical-electrical coupled simulation method for variable-speed pumped storage units," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 329(C).
    2. Wang, Huan & Liao, Shengli & Cheng, Chuntian & Liu, Benxi & Fang, Zhou & Wu, Huijun, 2025. "Short-term scheduling strategies for hydro-wind-solar-storage considering variable-speed unit of pumped storage," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 377(PA).
    3. Wang, He & Tan, Xiaoqiang & Li, Chaoshun & Presas, Alexandre, 2025. "A composite robust adaptive control for double-fed variable-speed pumped storage units considering stochastic uncertainty," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 329(C).
    4. Wang, Wen-Quan & Yu, Zhi-Feng & Yan, Yan & Wei, Xin-Yu, 2024. "Numerical investigation on vortex characteristics in a low-head Francis turbine operating of adjustable-speed at part load conditions," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 302(C).
    5. Huang, Yifan & Yang, Weijia & Zhao, Zhigao & Han, Wenfu & Li, Yulan & Yang, Jiandong, 2023. "Dynamic modeling and favorable speed command of variable-speed pumped-storage unit during power regulation," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 206(C), pages 769-783.
    6. Qiu, Weixin & Zeng, Wei & Zhang, Jian & Li, Gaohui & Yu, Xiaodong & Guo, Jiaqi, 2025. "Real-time online prediction of hydraulic states in pumped hydropower systems based on Kalman filter," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 335(C).
    7. Lei, Shuaihao & Cheng, Li & Yang, Weixing & Xu, Wentao & Yu, Lei & Luo, Can & Jiao, Weixuan & Shen, Jiantao, 2024. "Dynamic multiscale pressure fluctuation features extraction of mixed-flow pump as turbine (PAT) and flow state recognition of the outlet passage using variational mode decomposition and refined composite variable-step multiscale multimapping dispersi," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 305(C).
    8. Lu, Xueding & Li, Chaoshun & Chang, Hao & Wang, He & Zhu, Zhiwei & Liu, Dong & Tan, Xiaoqiang & Xu, Rongli, 2025. "Primary frequency regulation performance in hydropower systems: Precise quantification and holistic enhancement under wide-range operation," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 389(C).
    9. Gao, Chunyang & Wu, Haikun & Li, JiQing & Yu, Xiangyang & Nan, Haipeng & Guo, Pengcheng & Meng, Zhijie & Liu, Weixing & Shen, Shikang, 2025. "Mechanism analysis and suppression strategy of reverse flow phenomenon in variable speed pumped storage units under pump mode," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 325(C).
    10. Guo, Junxun & Zhou, Daqing & Wang, Haobo, 2025. "Hydraulic characteristics of pumped storage units from startup to no-load before synchronization based on PID control," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 330(C).
    11. Lu, Xueding & Li, Chaoshun & Liu, Dong & Wang, He & Zhu, Zhiwei & Ta, Xiaoqiang & Xu, Rongli, 2024. "Correlating analysis and optimization between hydropower system parameters and multi-frequency oscillation characteristics," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 304(C).
    12. Huang, Jingjian & Xu, Yujie & Guo, Huan & Geng, Xiaoqian & Chen, Haisheng, 2022. "Dynamic performance and control scheme of variable-speed compressed air energy storage," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 325(C).
    13. Lei, Shuaihao & Cheng, Li, 2025. "Investigation of transient effects and energy losses for an axial flow pump as turbine in pump mode's start-up," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 326(C).
    14. Mahfoud, Rabea Jamil & Alkayem, Nizar Faisal & Zhang, Yuquan & Zheng, Yuan & Sun, Yonghui & Alhelou, Hassan Haes, 2023. "Optimal operation of pumped hydro storage-based energy systems: A compendium of current challenges and future perspectives," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 178(C).
    15. Yuzhe Chen & Feng Wu & Linjun Shi & Yang Li & Xu Guo & Peng Qi, 2024. "Analysis and Suppression of Oscillations in Doubly Fed Variable Speed Pumped Storage Hydropower Plants Considering the Water Conveyance System," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 16(19), pages 1-20, October.
    16. Wang, Ran & Yang, Weijia & Huang, Yifan & Li, Xudong & Liu, Yuanhong & Chen, Jingdan & Cheng, Qian & Mei, Yadong & Cheng, Yongguang & Liu, Pan, 2024. "Coordinating regulation reliability and quality of pumped storage units for renewables by a novel scheduling-control synergic model," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 376(PA).
    17. Wang, He & Tan, Xiaoqiang & Lu, Xueding & Zhu, Zhiwei & Xu, Rongli & Liu, Xiaobing & Wang, Zhengwei & Li, Chaoshun, 2024. "Quantitative evaluation and optimization of synergistic regulation performance considering wear in short-term response of hybrid pumped storage systems," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 237(PA).
    18. Tan, Xiaoqiang & Li, Chaoshun & Liu, Dong & Wang, He & Xu, Rongli & Lu, Xueding & Zhu, Zhiwei, 2023. "Multi-time scale model reduction strategy of variable-speed pumped storage unit grid-connected system for small-signal oscillation stability analysis," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 211(C), pages 985-1009.
    19. Zhu, Qianming & Qi, Yinke & Huang, Diangui, 2023. "Numerical simulation of performance of traveling wave pump-turbine at different wave speeds in pumping mode," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 203(C), pages 485-494.
    20. Fan Li & Hongzhen Wang & Dong Liu & Ke Sun, 2025. "A Review of Multi-Temporal Scale Regulation Requirements of Power Systems and Diverse Flexible Resource Applications," Energies, MDPI, vol. 18(3), pages 1-32, January.

    More about this item

    Keywords

    ;
    ;
    ;
    ;
    ;

    Statistics

    Access and download statistics

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:eee:energy:v:324:y:2025:i:c:s0360544225016159. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: Catherine Liu (email available below). General contact details of provider: http://www.journals.elsevier.com/energy .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.