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A comprehensive approach to multi-formation train line planning: Optimization and adjustment under “Daily Train Plan”

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  • Li, Chen
  • Xia, Yang
  • Guo, Sinan
  • Wei, Yuguang

Abstract

Passenger flow on different lines varies across time and space due to locational factors and differences in economic development. To effectively manage these fluctuations, this study focuses on optimizing and adjusting multiple formation train line planning (MFTLP) under the “Daily Train Plan (DTP)" approach. A mixed-integer programming (MIP) model for MFTLP optimization and adjustment was established with dual objectives: (1) to minimize the comprehensive generalized cost of train operations, including energy consumption and carbon emissions, and (2) to minimize ticket revenue loss. Case study results, obtained through the CPLEX solver, demonstrate that the proposed MFTLP optimization and adjustment method under the “DTP” approach delivers significant economic benefits and enhances passenger service quality. The method also achieves significantly reduces in carbon emissions, improves transport efficiency, and flexibly adapts to fluctuations in passenger flow. Furthermore, moderate adjustments to the train stop plan enhance MFTLP's ability to accommodate passenger flow fluctuations.

Suggested Citation

  • Li, Chen & Xia, Yang & Guo, Sinan & Wei, Yuguang, 2025. "A comprehensive approach to multi-formation train line planning: Optimization and adjustment under “Daily Train Plan”," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 320(C).
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:energy:v:320:y:2025:i:c:s0360544225011090
    DOI: 10.1016/j.energy.2025.135467
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