Effect of sludge-based additive on particulate matter emission during the combustion of agricultural biomass pellet

In this study, the effects of a sludge-based additive on particulate matter emission during the cornstalk pellet combustion were investigated using a vertical fixed bed reactor combined with a Dekati low pressure impactor (DLPI). It was found that the PM1 and total PM10 yields from the cornstalk pellet combustion were much higher than those from the individual combustion of sludge-based additive. With the addition of sludge-based additive, the alkali and alkaline earth metals (AAEMs) in biomass would react with the Al/Si-containing and P-containing inorganic minerals in sludge-based additive to form various aluminosilicates, silicates, and K-Ca-P compounds, which could enhance the potassium fixation and retain it in the coarse particles, such as fly ash and residual ash. The PM1 and total PM10 yields from the composite pellet combustion could be effectively reduced by 62 %, with the mixing ratio of sludge-based additive increasing to 75 %. The mixing ratio of sludge-based additive showed a positive synergistic effect in reducing the emission of PM and a mixing ratio of <30 % was recommended based on comprehensive considerations to produce relatively high-quality pellet fuel with respect to good heating value and low ash content and PM emission in later combustion application.