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Wasserstein distance-based expansion planning for integrated energy system considering hydrogen fuel cell vehicles

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  • Wei, Xiang
  • Chan, Ka Wing
  • Wu, Ting
  • Wang, Guibin
  • Zhang, Xian
  • Liu, Junwei

Abstract

Due to the increasing pressure from environmental concerns and the energy crisis, transportation electrification constitutes one of the key initiatives for global decarbonization. The zero on-road global greenhouse gas emissions feature of electric vehicles (EVs) and hydrogen fuel cell vehicles (FCVs) are encouraged to facilitate the electrification of the transportation sector to reduce carbon emissions. However, the benefits of these vehicles in terms of carbon emission reduction would be hindered if the fast-charging stations (FCSs) and hydrogen production stations (HPSs) were powered by coal-fired power plants. To achieve overall emission reduction, a low-carbon expansion planning strategy is proposed in this paper to determine the eco-friendly configuration of IES consisting of electricity-gas-hydrogen networks associated with FCSs and HPSs to supply electricity and hydrogen to EVs and FCVs, respectively. Then a novel carbon emission allocation strategy based on the carbon emission flow (CEF) model is developed to specify the locational carbon emission in the IES and facilitate the low-carbon expansion planning strategy. Given locational-differentiated carbon intensities, the expansion planning scheme installs low-carbon generation devices in a rational place to satisfy the carbon emission constraint. Furthermore, the Wasserstein distance (WD) method and an adaptation cost technique are innovatively applied to cope with the uncertainties in the proposed planning model, namely the traffic flow levels, renewable-based power generation levels, and conventional load levels. Finally, numerical experiments validated the effectiveness of the proposed expansion planning strategy in effectually achieving the lowest carbon emission of the proposed IES under a representative scenario set.

Suggested Citation

  • Wei, Xiang & Chan, Ka Wing & Wu, Ting & Wang, Guibin & Zhang, Xian & Liu, Junwei, 2023. "Wasserstein distance-based expansion planning for integrated energy system considering hydrogen fuel cell vehicles," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 272(C).
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:energy:v:272:y:2023:i:c:s036054422300405x
    DOI: 10.1016/j.energy.2023.127011
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Wang, Yunqi & Qiu, Jing & Tao, Yuechuan & Zhang, Xian & Wang, Guibin, 2020. "Low-carbon oriented optimal energy dispatch in coupled natural gas and electricity systems," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 280(C).
    2. Burton, N.A. & Padilla, R.V. & Rose, A. & Habibullah, H., 2021. "Increasing the efficiency of hydrogen production from solar powered water electrolysis," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 135(C).
    3. Forrest, Kate & Mac Kinnon, Michael & Tarroja, Brian & Samuelsen, Scott, 2020. "Estimating the technical feasibility of fuel cell and battery electric vehicles for the medium and heavy duty sectors in California," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 276(C).
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    1. Tian, Ying & Han, Jin & Bu, Yu & Qin, Chuan, 2023. "Simulation and analysis of fire and pressure reducing valve damage in on-board liquid hydrogen system of heavy-duty fuel cell trucks," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 276(C).

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