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Understanding the dynamics of electricity supply, resources and pollution: Pakistan's case

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  • Qudrat-Ullah, H
  • Davidsen, Pal I

Abstract

To meet the compelling demand for electricity, the government of Pakistan introduced reforms in 1990–1991 that provide incentives for private sector investments, particularly in the electric power industry. In response to these incentives, most of the independent power producers (IPPs) offers included oil, coal and/or gas power plants. Hydroelectric generation, despite its rich resource base in the country, did not gain much attraction. This research provides an assessment of the existing policy subject to the constraints of environment concerns and available, but limited, resources. A dynamic simulation model that captures the dynamics of the sectors underlying the electricity system is built using system dynamics methodology. The policy assessment has been carried out in a three-dimensional context: the electricity supply; the resource import dependency; and the evolution of CO2 emissions. This research finds that the unchanged prolongation of the existing policy seems to effectively attract IPPs investments but not without potentially adverse consequences for the environment and the economy.

Suggested Citation

  • Qudrat-Ullah, H & Davidsen, Pal I, 2001. "Understanding the dynamics of electricity supply, resources and pollution: Pakistan's case," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 26(6), pages 595-606.
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:energy:v:26:y:2001:i:6:p:595-606
    DOI: 10.1016/S0360-5442(01)00019-6
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    Citations

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    Cited by:

    1. Ochoa, Camila & Gore, Olga, 2015. "The Finnish power market: Are imports from Russia low-cost?," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 80(C), pages 122-132.
    2. Hasani, Masoud & Hosseini, Seyed Hamid, 2011. "Dynamic assessment of capacity investment in electricity market considering complementary capacity mechanisms," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 36(1), pages 277-293.
    3. Asif Khan & Sughra Bibi & Lorenzo Ardito & Jiaying Lyu & Hizar Hayat & Anas Mahmud Arif, 2020. "Revisiting the Dynamics of Tourism, Economic Growth, and Environmental Pollutants in the Emerging Economies—Sustainable Tourism Policy Implications," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 12(6), pages 1-23, March.
    4. Armin Leopold, 2016. "Energy related system dynamic models: a literature review," Central European Journal of Operations Research, Springer;Slovak Society for Operations Research;Hungarian Operational Research Society;Czech Society for Operations Research;Österr. Gesellschaft für Operations Research (ÖGOR);Slovenian Society Informatika - Section for Operational Research;Croatian Operational Research Society, vol. 24(1), pages 231-261, March.
    5. Abada, Ibrahim & Briat, Vincent & Massol, Olivier, 2013. "Construction of a fuel demand function portraying interfuel substitution, a system dynamics approach," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 49(C), pages 240-251.
    6. Qudrat-Ullah, Hassan, 2014. "Green power in Ontario: A dynamic model-based analysis," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 77(C), pages 859-870.
    7. Qudrat-Ullah, Hassan, 2017. "How to enhance the future use of energy policy simulation models through ex post validation," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 120(C), pages 58-66.
    8. Teufel, Felix & Miller, Michael & Genoese, Massimo & Fichtner, Wolf, 2013. "Review of System Dynamics models for electricity market simulations," Working Paper Series in Production and Energy 2, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Institute for Industrial Production (IIP).
    9. Ahmad, Salman & Mat Tahar, Razman & Muhammad-Sukki, Firdaus & Munir, Abu Bakar & Abdul Rahim, Ruzairi, 2016. "Application of system dynamics approach in electricity sector modelling: A review," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 56(C), pages 29-37.
    10. Qudrat-Ullah, Hassan & Seong, Baek Seo, 2010. "How to do structural validity of a system dynamics type simulation model: The case of an energy policy model," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 38(5), pages 2216-2224, May.
    11. Hayat, Farah & Pirzada, Muhammad Daniel Saeed & Khan, Abid Ali, 2018. "The validation of Granger causality through formulation and use of finance-growth-energy indexes," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 81(P2), pages 1859-1867.
    12. Fazal, Rizwan & Rehman, Syed Aziz Ur & Bhatti, M. Ishaq, 2022. "Graph theoretic approach to expose the energy-induced crisis in Pakistan," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 169(C).
    13. Qudrat-Ullah, Hassan, 2013. "Understanding the dynamics of electricity generation capacity in Canada: A system dynamics approach," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 59(C), pages 285-294.
    14. Qudrat-Ullah, Hassan, 2022. "A review and analysis of renewable energy policies and CO2 emissions of Pakistan," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 238(PB).
    15. Yuehong Lu & Zafar A. Khan & Manuel S. Alvarez-Alvarado & Yang Zhang & Zhijia Huang & Muhammad Imran, 2020. "A Critical Review of Sustainable Energy Policies for the Promotion of Renewable Energy Sources," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 12(12), pages 1-31, June.
    16. Qudrat-Ullah, Hassan, 2015. "Independent power (or pollution) producers? Electricity reforms and IPPs in Pakistan," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 83(C), pages 240-251.
    17. Laha, Priyanka & Chakraborty, Basab, 2017. "Energy model – A tool for preventing energy dysfunction," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 73(C), pages 95-114.

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