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Hierarchical energy management strategy based on adaptive dynamic programming for hybrid electric vehicles in car-following scenarios

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  • Tang, Wenbin
  • Wang, Yaqian
  • Jiao, Xiaohong
  • Ren, Lina

Abstract

In order to improve the driving safety and fuel economy of hybrid electric vehicles (HEVs) in car-following scenarios, this paper proposes a hierarchical energy management strategy (EMS) based on adaptive dynamic programming (ADP). In the upper-layer speed planning, the speed prediction model of the preceding vehicle is established utilizing a back-propagation neural network (BPNN), and the host vehicle speed is planned based on heuristic dynamic programming (HDP) real-time through the predicted preceding vehicle speed and the current state of the host vehicle. In the lower-layer energy management control, the EMS based on dual heuristic dynamic programming (DHP) is used to realize the power allocation of each power source according to the planned speed to reduce fuel consumption. In both HDP and DHP algorithms, BPNN is used to implement the critic network (CN) and action network (AN) to obtain a more accurate control variable and faster convergence speed. By comparing the results with various existing EMSs in the different driving cycles, the simulation results show that the proposed EMS ensures real-time planning speed and good following performance while reducing energy consumption.

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  • Tang, Wenbin & Wang, Yaqian & Jiao, Xiaohong & Ren, Lina, 2023. "Hierarchical energy management strategy based on adaptive dynamic programming for hybrid electric vehicles in car-following scenarios," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 265(C).
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:energy:v:265:y:2023:i:c:s0360544222031504
    DOI: 10.1016/j.energy.2022.126264
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    3. Juan Carlos Paredes-Rojas & Ramón Costa-Castelló & Rubén Vázquez-Medina & Juan Alejandro Flores-Campos & Christopher Rene Torres-San Miguel, 2025. "Experimental Study on Using Biodiesel in Hybrid Electric Vehicles," Energies, MDPI, vol. 18(7), pages 1-22, March.
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    6. Zhang, Fengqi & Qi, Zhicheng & Xiao, Lehua & Coskun, Serdar & Xie, Shaobo & Liu, Yongtao & Li, Jiacheng & Song, Ziyou, 2025. "Co-optimization on ecological adaptive cruise control and energy management of automated hybrid electric vehicles," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 314(C).
    7. Tang, Wenbin & Jiao, Xiaohong & Zhang, Yahui, 2025. "Hierarchical energy management control for connected hybrid electric vehicles in uncertain traffic scenarios," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 315(C).
    8. Wilberforce, Tabbi & Anser, Afaaq & Swamy, Jangam Aishwarya & Opoku, Richard, 2023. "An investigation into hybrid energy storage system control and power distribution for hybrid electric vehicles," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 279(C).
    9. Siqi An & Yuantao Gan & Xu Peng & Songyi Dian, 2024. "Charging Optimization with an Improved Dynamic Programming for Electro-Gasoline Hybrid Powered Compound-Wing Unmanned Aerial Vehicle," Energies, MDPI, vol. 18(1), pages 1-18, December.
    10. Fan Wang & Yina Hong & Xiaohuan Zhao, 2025. "Research and Comparative Analysis of Energy Management Strategies for Hybrid Electric Vehicles: A Review," Energies, MDPI, vol. 18(11), pages 1-28, May.

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