IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/eee/energy/v238y2022ipas0360544221019514.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

Hierarchical reinforcement learning based energy management strategy for hybrid electric vehicle

Author

Listed:
  • Qi, Chunyang
  • Zhu, Yiwen
  • Song, Chuanxue
  • Yan, Guangfu
  • Xiao, Feng
  • Da wang,
  • Zhang, Xu
  • Cao, Jingwei
  • Song, Shixin

Abstract

As the core technology of hybrid electric vehicles (HEVs), energy management strategy directly affects the fuel consumption of vehicles. This research proposes a novel reinforcement learning (RL)-based algorithm for energy management strategy of HEVs. Hierarchical structure is used in deep Q-learning algorithm (DQL-H) to get the optimal solution of energy management. Through this new RL method, we not only solve the problem of sparse reward in training process, but also achieve the optimal power distribution. In addition, as a kind of hierarchical algorithm, DQL-H can change the way of exploration of the vehicle environment and make it more effective. The experimental results show that the proposed DQL-H method realizes better training efficiency and lower fuel consumption, compared to other RL-based ones.

Suggested Citation

  • Qi, Chunyang & Zhu, Yiwen & Song, Chuanxue & Yan, Guangfu & Xiao, Feng & Da wang, & Zhang, Xu & Cao, Jingwei & Song, Shixin, 2022. "Hierarchical reinforcement learning based energy management strategy for hybrid electric vehicle," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 238(PA).
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:energy:v:238:y:2022:i:pa:s0360544221019514
    DOI: 10.1016/j.energy.2021.121703
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0360544221019514
    Download Restriction: Full text for ScienceDirect subscribers only
    File URL: https://libkey.io/10.1016/j.energy.2021.121703?utm_source=ideas
    LibKey link: if access is restricted and if your library uses this service, LibKey will redirect you to where you can use your library subscription to access this item
    ---><---

    As the access to this document is restricted, you may want to search for a different version of it.

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Xie, Shaobo & Hu, Xiaosong & Xin, Zongke & Brighton, James, 2019. "Pontryagin’s Minimum Principle based model predictive control of energy management for a plug-in hybrid electric bus," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 236(C), pages 893-905.
    2. Lian, Renzong & Peng, Jiankun & Wu, Yuankai & Tan, Huachun & Zhang, Hailong, 2020. "Rule-interposing deep reinforcement learning based energy management strategy for power-split hybrid electric vehicle," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 197(C).
    3. Zou Yuan & Liu Teng & Sun Fengchun & Huei Peng, 2013. "Comparative Study of Dynamic Programming and Pontryagin’s Minimum Principle on Energy Management for a Parallel Hybrid Electric Vehicle," Energies, MDPI, vol. 6(4), pages 1-14, April.
    4. Lu, Renzhi & Hong, Seung Ho, 2019. "Incentive-based demand response for smart grid with reinforcement learning and deep neural network," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 236(C), pages 937-949.
    5. Du, Guodong & Zou, Yuan & Zhang, Xudong & Liu, Teng & Wu, Jinlong & He, Dingbo, 2020. "Deep reinforcement learning based energy management for a hybrid electric vehicle," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 201(C).
    6. Zhang, Pei & Yan, Fuwu & Du, Changqing, 2015. "A comprehensive analysis of energy management strategies for hybrid electric vehicles based on bibliometrics," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 48(C), pages 88-104.
    7. Trovão, João P. & Pereirinha, Paulo G. & Jorge, Humberto M. & Antunes, Carlos Henggeler, 2013. "A multi-level energy management system for multi-source electric vehicles – An integrated rule-based meta-heuristic approach," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 105(C), pages 304-318.
    8. M. Sabri, M.F. & Danapalasingam, K.A. & Rahmat, M.F., 2016. "A review on hybrid electric vehicles architecture and energy management strategies," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 53(C), pages 1433-1442.
    9. Peng, Jiankun & He, Hongwen & Xiong, Rui, 2017. "Rule based energy management strategy for a series–parallel plug-in hybrid electric bus optimized by dynamic programming," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 185(P2), pages 1633-1643.
    10. Torres, J.L. & Gonzalez, R. & Gimenez, A. & Lopez, J., 2014. "Energy management strategy for plug-in hybrid electric vehicles. A comparative study," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 113(C), pages 816-824.
    11. Hua, Haochen & Qin, Yuchao & Hao, Chuantong & Cao, Junwei, 2019. "Optimal energy management strategies for energy Internet via deep reinforcement learning approach," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 239(C), pages 598-609.
    12. Wu, Jingda & He, Hongwen & Peng, Jiankun & Li, Yuecheng & Li, Zhanjiang, 2018. "Continuous reinforcement learning of energy management with deep Q network for a power split hybrid electric bus," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 222(C), pages 799-811.
    13. Volodymyr Mnih & Koray Kavukcuoglu & David Silver & Andrei A. Rusu & Joel Veness & Marc G. Bellemare & Alex Graves & Martin Riedmiller & Andreas K. Fidjeland & Georg Ostrovski & Stig Petersen & Charle, 2015. "Human-level control through deep reinforcement learning," Nature, Nature, vol. 518(7540), pages 529-533, February.
    14. Zeyu Chen & Rui Xiong & Kunyu Wang & Bin Jiao, 2015. "Optimal Energy Management Strategy of a Plug-in Hybrid Electric Vehicle Based on a Particle Swarm Optimization Algorithm," Energies, MDPI, vol. 8(5), pages 1-18, April.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Citations

    Citations are extracted by the CitEc Project, subscribe to its RSS feed for this item.
    as


    Cited by:

    1. Xiaodong Liu & Hongqiang Guo & Xingqun Cheng & Juan Du & Jian Ma, 2022. "A Robust Design of the Model-Free-Adaptive-Control-Based Energy Management for Plug-In Hybrid Electric Vehicle," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(20), pages 1-24, October.
    2. Huang, Ruchen & He, Hongwen & Zhao, Xuyang & Wang, Yunlong & Li, Menglin, 2022. "Battery health-aware and naturalistic data-driven energy management for hybrid electric bus based on TD3 deep reinforcement learning algorithm," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 321(C).
    3. Liu, Yonggang & Wu, Yitao & Wang, Xiangyu & Li, Liang & Zhang, Yuanjian & Chen, Zheng, 2023. "Energy management for hybrid electric vehicles based on imitation reinforcement learning," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 263(PC).
    4. Yu, Jin & Song, Yurun & Zhang, Huasen & Dong, Xiaohan, 2022. "Novel design of compound coupled hydro-mechanical transmission on heavy-duty vehicle for energy recycling," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 239(PD).
    5. Bao, Shuyue & Tang, Shifa & Sun, Ping & Wang, Tao, 2023. "LSTM-based energy management algorithm for a vehicle power-split hybrid powertrain," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 284(C).
    6. Zhou, Jianhao & Xue, Yuan & Xu, Da & Li, Chaoxiong & Zhao, Wanzhong, 2022. "Self-learning energy management strategy for hybrid electric vehicle via curiosity-inspired asynchronous deep reinforcement learning," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 242(C).
    7. Marouane Adnane & Ahmed Khoumsi & João Pedro F. Trovão, 2023. "Efficient Management of Energy Consumption of Electric Vehicles Using Machine Learning—A Systematic and Comprehensive Survey," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(13), pages 1-39, June.
    8. Wei, Zhengchao & Ma, Yue & Yang, Ningkang & Ruan, Shumin & Xiang, Changle, 2023. "Reinforcement learning based power management integrating economic rotational speed of turboshaft engine and safety constraints of battery for hybrid electric power system," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 263(PB).
    9. Tang, Wenbin & Wang, Yaqian & Jiao, Xiaohong & Ren, Lina, 2023. "Hierarchical energy management strategy based on adaptive dynamic programming for hybrid electric vehicles in car-following scenarios," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 265(C).
    10. Miranda, Matheus H.R. & Silva, Fabrício L. & Lourenço, Maria A.M. & Eckert, Jony J. & Silva, Ludmila C.A., 2022. "Vehicle drivetrain and fuzzy controller optimization using a planar dynamics simulation based on a real-world driving cycle," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 257(C).
    11. Najafi, Arsalan & Jasiński, Michał & Leonowicz, Zbigniew, 2022. "A hybrid distributed framework for optimal coordination of electric vehicle aggregators problem," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 249(C).
    12. Chen, Dongfang & Pei, Pucheng & Meng, Yining & Ren, Peng & Li, Yuehua & Wang, Mingkai & Wang, Xizhong, 2022. "Novel extraction method of working condition spectrum for the lifetime prediction and energy management strategy evaluation of automotive fuel cells," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 255(C).
    13. Kong, Yan & Xu, Nan & Liu, Qiao & Sui, Yan & Yue, Fenglai, 2023. "A data-driven energy management method for parallel PHEVs based on action dependent heuristic dynamic programming (ADHDP) model," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 265(C).

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Wu, Yuankai & Tan, Huachun & Peng, Jiankun & Zhang, Hailong & He, Hongwen, 2019. "Deep reinforcement learning of energy management with continuous control strategy and traffic information for a series-parallel plug-in hybrid electric bus," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 247(C), pages 454-466.
    2. Qi, Chunyang & Song, Chuanxue & Xiao, Feng & Song, Shixin, 2022. "Generalization ability of hybrid electric vehicle energy management strategy based on reinforcement learning method," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 250(C).
    3. Liu, Teng & Tan, Wenhao & Tang, Xiaolin & Zhang, Jinwei & Xing, Yang & Cao, Dongpu, 2021. "Driving conditions-driven energy management strategies for hybrid electric vehicles: A review," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 151(C).
    4. Du, Guodong & Zou, Yuan & Zhang, Xudong & Liu, Teng & Wu, Jinlong & He, Dingbo, 2020. "Deep reinforcement learning based energy management for a hybrid electric vehicle," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 201(C).
    5. Zhou, Jianhao & Xue, Yuan & Xu, Da & Li, Chaoxiong & Zhao, Wanzhong, 2022. "Self-learning energy management strategy for hybrid electric vehicle via curiosity-inspired asynchronous deep reinforcement learning," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 242(C).
    6. Xiao, B. & Ruan, J. & Yang, W. & Walker, P.D. & Zhang, N., 2021. "A review of pivotal energy management strategies for extended range electric vehicles," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 149(C).
    7. Dong, Peng & Zhao, Junwei & Liu, Xuewu & Wu, Jian & Xu, Xiangyang & Liu, Yanfang & Wang, Shuhan & Guo, Wei, 2022. "Practical application of energy management strategy for hybrid electric vehicles based on intelligent and connected technologies: Development stages, challenges, and future trends," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 170(C).
    8. Lin, Xinyou & Zeng, Songrong & Li, Xuefan, 2021. "Online correction predictive energy management strategy using the Q-learning based swarm optimization with fuzzy neural network," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 223(C).
    9. Tang, Xiaolin & Zhou, Haitao & Wang, Feng & Wang, Weida & Lin, Xianke, 2022. "Longevity-conscious energy management strategy of fuel cell hybrid electric Vehicle Based on deep reinforcement learning," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 238(PA).
    10. Du, Guodong & Zou, Yuan & Zhang, Xudong & Kong, Zehui & Wu, Jinlong & He, Dingbo, 2019. "Intelligent energy management for hybrid electric tracked vehicles using online reinforcement learning," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 251(C), pages 1-1.
    11. Chen, Jiaxin & Shu, Hong & Tang, Xiaolin & Liu, Teng & Wang, Weida, 2022. "Deep reinforcement learning-based multi-objective control of hybrid power system combined with road recognition under time-varying environment," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 239(PC).
    12. Zhuang, Weichao & Li (Eben), Shengbo & Zhang, Xiaowu & Kum, Dongsuk & Song, Ziyou & Yin, Guodong & Ju, Fei, 2020. "A survey of powertrain configuration studies on hybrid electric vehicles," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 262(C).
    13. Yang, Dongpo & Liu, Tong & Song, Dafeng & Zhang, Xuanming & Zeng, Xiaohua, 2023. "A real time multi-objective optimization Guided-MPC strategy for power-split hybrid electric bus based on velocity prediction," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 276(C).
    14. Zhengyu Yao & Hwan-Sik Yoon & Yang-Ki Hong, 2023. "Control of Hybrid Electric Vehicle Powertrain Using Offline-Online Hybrid Reinforcement Learning," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(2), pages 1-18, January.
    15. Li, Shuangqi & He, Hongwen & Zhao, Pengfei, 2021. "Energy management for hybrid energy storage system in electric vehicle: A cyber-physical system perspective," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 230(C).
    16. Vamsi Krishna Reddy, Aala Kalananda & Venkata Lakshmi Narayana, Komanapalli, 2022. "Meta-heuristics optimization in electric vehicles -an extensive review," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 160(C).
    17. Li, Jie & Wu, Xiaodong & Xu, Min & Liu, Yonggang, 2022. "Deep reinforcement learning and reward shaping based eco-driving control for automated HEVs among signalized intersections," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 251(C).
    18. Guo, Chenyu & Wang, Xin & Zheng, Yihui & Zhang, Feng, 2022. "Real-time optimal energy management of microgrid with uncertainties based on deep reinforcement learning," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 238(PC).
    19. Zhu, Tao & Wills, Richard G.A. & Lot, Roberto & Ruan, Haijun & Jiang, Zhihao, 2021. "Adaptive energy management of a battery-supercapacitor energy storage system for electric vehicles based on flexible perception and neural network fitting," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 292(C).
    20. Du, Jiuyu & Chen, Jingfu & Song, Ziyou & Gao, Mingming & Ouyang, Minggao, 2017. "Design method of a power management strategy for variable battery capacities range-extended electric vehicles to improve energy efficiency and cost-effectiveness," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 121(C), pages 32-42.

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:eee:energy:v:238:y:2022:i:pa:s0360544221019514. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: Catherine Liu (email available below). General contact details of provider: http://www.journals.elsevier.com/energy .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.