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Lignin/zirconium phosphate/ionic liquids-based proton conducting membranes for high-temperature PEM fuel cells applications

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  • Tawalbeh, Muhammad
  • Al-Othman, Amani
  • Ka'ki, Ahmad
  • Farooq, Afifa
  • Alkasrawi, Malek

Abstract

This work reports the fabrication of lignin-zirconium phosphate-based membranes modified with ionic liquids (ILs) for high-temperature operation in proton exchange membrane (PEM) fuel cells. The Lignin-modified membranes demonstrated a noticeable enhancement in proton conductivity as opposed to pure zirconium phosphate-based membranes by one order of magnitude at room temperature, i.e., from 10−4 to 10−3 S/cm, respectively. Further enhancements in conductivity were observed upon the addition of ionic liquids. Among the three ILs evaluated in this work, the Hexyl-based ionic liquid resulted in the highest conductivity at room temperature, 10−1 S/cm. The membranes showed considerably high anhydrous proton conductivities in the range of 10−3–10−4 S/cm at 150 °C. Additional characterization tests showed considerable water uptake enhancement, high thermal stability, and changes in particles’ morphology. The findings of this work show the suitability of these membranes for high-temperature operation in proton exchange membrane fuel cells.

Suggested Citation

  • Tawalbeh, Muhammad & Al-Othman, Amani & Ka'ki, Ahmad & Farooq, Afifa & Alkasrawi, Malek, 2022. "Lignin/zirconium phosphate/ionic liquids-based proton conducting membranes for high-temperature PEM fuel cells applications," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 260(C).
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:energy:v:260:y:2022:i:c:s0360544222021259
    DOI: 10.1016/j.energy.2022.125237
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Pan, Mingzhang & Pan, Chengjie & Li, Chao & Zhao, Jian, 2021. "A review of membranes in proton exchange membrane fuel cells: Transport phenomena, performance and durability," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 141(C).
    2. Xu, Guoxiao & Wu, Zhiguang & Wei, Zenglv & Zhang, Wenjie & Wu, Junli & Li, Ying & Li, Jing & Qu, Konggang & Cai, Weiwei, 2020. "Non-destructive fabrication of Nafion/silica composite membrane via swelling-filling modification strategy for high temperature and low humidity PEM fuel cell," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 153(C), pages 935-939.
    3. Tawalbeh, Muhammad & Al-Othman, Amani & Singh, Karnail & Douba, Ikram & Kabakebji, Dania & Alkasrawi, Malek, 2020. "Microbial desalination cells for water purification and power generation: A critical review," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 209(C).
    4. Khomein, Piyachai & Ketelaars, Wesley & Lap, Tijs & Liu, Gao, 2021. "Sulfonated aromatic polymer as a future proton exchange membrane: A review of sulfonation and crosslinking methods," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 137(C).
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    1. Ong, Samuel & Al-Othman, Amani & Tawalbeh, Muhammad, 2023. "Emerging technologies in prognostics for fuel cells including direct hydrocarbon fuel cells," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 277(C).

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