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Multi-objective optimization of mini U-channel cold plate with SiO2 nanofluid by RSM and NSGA-II

Author

Listed:
  • Li, Jing
  • Zuo, Wei
  • E, Jiaqiang
  • Zhang, Yuntian
  • Li, Qingqing
  • Sun, Ke
  • Zhou, Kun
  • Zhang, Guangde

Abstract

A multi-objective optimization of mini U-channel cold plate with SiO2 nanofluid is conducted to obtain the optimal performance by Response Surface Methodology (RSM) and Non-dominated Sorting Genetic Algorithm (NSGA-II). Numerical investigations arranged by Box-Behnken design are performed to optimize the design variables including inlet velocity (vin), inlet temperature (Tin), volume fraction of nanofluid (φ), channel radius (Cr) and channel number (Cn) on the objective functions including maximum temperature (Tmax), temperature difference (ΔT) and the pressure drop (Δp). Analysis of variance (ANOVA) is employed to verify whether the constructed regression models are appropriate and reliable. Response surface analysis is applied to show the interaction effect between each pair of design parameters. With the regression models constructed by RSM, the NSGA-II is adopted to obtain the Pareto-optimal fronts. According to Pareto optimal solution, the optimum objective functions are Tmax = 299.42 K, ΔT = 2.66 K, Δp = 436.19 Pa, respectively, corresponding design variables are vin = 0.033 m/s, Tin = 15.04 K, φ = 1.40%, Cr = 0.64 mm and Cn = 6. This work offers us significant reference to design battery thermal management system with nanofluid.

Suggested Citation

  • Li, Jing & Zuo, Wei & E, Jiaqiang & Zhang, Yuntian & Li, Qingqing & Sun, Ke & Zhou, Kun & Zhang, Guangde, 2022. "Multi-objective optimization of mini U-channel cold plate with SiO2 nanofluid by RSM and NSGA-II," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 242(C).
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:energy:v:242:y:2022:i:c:s0360544221032886
    DOI: 10.1016/j.energy.2021.123039
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    6. Zuo, Wei & Zhang, Yuntian & E, Jiaqiang & Li, Jing & Li, Qingqing & Zhang, Guangde, 2022. "Performance comparison between single S-channel and double S-channel cold plate for thermal management of a prismatic LiFePO4 battery," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 192(C), pages 46-57.
    7. Zuo, Wei & Zhang, Yuntian & E, Jiaqiang & Huang, Yuhan & Li, Qingqing & Zhou, Kun & Zhang, Guangde, 2022. "Effects of multi-factors on performance of an improved multi-channel cold plate for thermal management of a prismatic LiFePO4 battery," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 261(PB).

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