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Flexibility pricing of integrated unit of electric spring and EVs parking in microgrids

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  • Norouzi, Mohammadali
  • Aghaei, Jamshid
  • Pirouzi, Sasan
  • Niknam, Taher
  • Fotuhi-Firuzabad, Mahmud

Abstract

Electric spring (ES) as a breakthrough in power electronics has led to a revolution in demand-side management. This paper presents flexible power management (FPM) of a networked microgrid (MG) in the presence of renewable energy sources (RESs) and flexibility sources (FSs). The FSs include the novel topology of the integrated unit of ES with electric vehicles (EVs) parking (IUEE) and incentive-based demand response program (DRP). The proposed FPM model is formulated as an optimization problem that minimizes the difference between the expected energy cost and the expected profit of FSs' flexibility subject to the AC optimal power flow (AC-OPF), RESs, FSs, and MG flexibility constraints. In the proposed model, flexibility pricing is performed for both upward and downward flexibility services in which the expected flexibility profit is proportional to the product of the FSs' flexibility and flexibility incentive price (FIP). Further, this paper uses a stochastic programming to model uncertain parameters associated with load demand, energy prices, maximum RES generation capacity, and EVs’ parameters. Finally, the potential of the proposed FPM model in improving the economic, operational and flexibility conditions of the MG is investigated through implementation of the proposed model on the 32-bus radial MG.

Suggested Citation

  • Norouzi, Mohammadali & Aghaei, Jamshid & Pirouzi, Sasan & Niknam, Taher & Fotuhi-Firuzabad, Mahmud, 2022. "Flexibility pricing of integrated unit of electric spring and EVs parking in microgrids," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 239(PB).
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:energy:v:239:y:2022:i:pb:s0360544221023288
    DOI: 10.1016/j.energy.2021.122080
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Jing Yang & Jiale Xiong & Yen-Lin Chen & Por Lip Yee & Chin Soon Ku & Manoochehr Babanezhad, 2023. "Improved Golden Jackal Optimization for Optimal Allocation and Scheduling of Wind Turbine and Electric Vehicles Parking Lots in Electrical Distribution Network Using Rosenbrock’s Direct Rotation Strat," Mathematics, MDPI, vol. 11(6), pages 1-23, March.
    2. Anna Auza & Ehsan Asadi & Behrang Chenari & Manuel Gameiro da Silva, 2023. "A Systematic Review of Uncertainty Handling Approaches for Electric Grids Considering Electrical Vehicles," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(13), pages 1-25, June.

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