IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/eee/energy/v215y2021ipas0360544220319587.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

Power distribution strategy of a dual-engine system for heavy-duty hybrid electric vehicles using dynamic programming

Author

Listed:
  • Hu, Jiayi
  • Li, Jianqiu
  • Hu, Zunyan
  • Xu, Liangfei
  • Ouyang, Minggao

Abstract

In order to enhance the power and bring additional energy-saving possibilities of heavy-duty vehicles, a novel dual-engine system is utilized in a series hybrid electric vehicle. However, the minimum fuel consumption of this configuration is still unclear, and the effective online energy management strategy for this system is absent. The studied vehicle adopts the dual-engine configuration, which is powered by Li-ion batteries and two auxiliary power units. This paper presents a two-step framework to address the energy management problem. A map-based strategy is adopted to distribute power between engines. The dynamic programming (DP) algorithm is incorporated to distribute power between engines and batteries and find the minimum fuel consumption. Simulation results show that the DP algorithm can save 7.3% fuel compared to the charge depleting and charge sustaining strategy. The dual-engine system achieves a 1.9% lower fuel consumption compared with the conventional hybrid system with one engine. The operation points of engines and the power profiles of batteries derived from the DP are analyzed, and a rule-based strategy is designed correspondingly. The proposed rule-based algorithm can reduce 2.2%–6.0% fuel consumption and is not sensitive to the variations of battery size, parameters of the rule-based strategy, and driving cycles.

Suggested Citation

  • Hu, Jiayi & Li, Jianqiu & Hu, Zunyan & Xu, Liangfei & Ouyang, Minggao, 2021. "Power distribution strategy of a dual-engine system for heavy-duty hybrid electric vehicles using dynamic programming," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 215(PA).
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:energy:v:215:y:2021:i:pa:s0360544220319587
    DOI: 10.1016/j.energy.2020.118851
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0360544220319587
    Download Restriction: Full text for ScienceDirect subscribers only
    File URL: https://libkey.io/10.1016/j.energy.2020.118851?utm_source=ideas
    LibKey link: if access is restricted and if your library uses this service, LibKey will redirect you to where you can use your library subscription to access this item
    ---><---

    As the access to this document is restricted, you may want to search for a different version of it.

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Feng, Zhong-kai & Niu, Wen-jing & Cheng, Chun-tian & Liao, Sheng-li, 2017. "Hydropower system operation optimization by discrete differential dynamic programming based on orthogonal experiment design," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 126(C), pages 720-732.
    2. Khayyam, Hamid & Bab-Hadiashar, Alireza, 2014. "Adaptive intelligent energy management system of plug-in hybrid electric vehicle," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 69(C), pages 319-335.
    3. Chen, Syuan-Yi & Wu, Chien-Hsun & Hung, Yi-Hsuan & Chung, Cheng-Ta, 2018. "Optimal strategies of energy management integrated with transmission control for a hybrid electric vehicle using dynamic particle swarm optimization," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 160(C), pages 154-170.
    4. Hou, Jun & Song, Ziyou, 2020. "A hierarchical energy management strategy for hybrid energy storage via vehicle-to-cloud connectivity," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 257(C).
    5. Song, Ziyou & Hofmann, Heath & Li, Jianqiu & Han, Xuebing & Ouyang, Minggao, 2015. "Optimization for a hybrid energy storage system in electric vehicles using dynamic programing approach," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 139(C), pages 151-162.
    6. Jiang, Hongliang & Xu, Liangfei & Li, Jianqiu & Hu, Zunyan & Ouyang, Minggao, 2019. "Energy management and component sizing for a fuel cell/battery/supercapacitor hybrid powertrain based on two-dimensional optimization algorithms," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 177(C), pages 386-396.
    7. Wang, Yujie & Sun, Zhendong & Li, Xiyun & Yang, Xiaoyu & Chen, Zonghai, 2019. "A comparative study of power allocation strategies used in fuel cell and ultracapacitor hybrid systems," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 189(C).
    8. Wang, Yujie & Sun, Zhendong & Chen, Zonghai, 2019. "Energy management strategy for battery/supercapacitor/fuel cell hybrid source vehicles based on finite state machine," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 254(C).
    9. Du, Jiuyu & Zhang, Xiaobin & Wang, Tianze & Song, Ziyou & Yang, Xueqing & Wang, Hewu & Ouyang, Minggao & Wu, Xiaogang, 2018. "Battery degradation minimization oriented energy management strategy for plug-in hybrid electric bus with multi-energy storage system," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 165(PA), pages 153-163.
    10. Song, Ziyou & Zhang, Xiaobin & Li, Jianqiu & Hofmann, Heath & Ouyang, Minggao & Du, Jiuyu, 2018. "Component sizing optimization of plug-in hybrid electric vehicles with the hybrid energy storage system," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 144(C), pages 393-403.
    11. Koubaa, Rayhane & krichen, Lotfi, 2017. "Double layer metaheuristic based energy management strategy for a Fuel Cell/Ultra-Capacitor hybrid electric vehicle," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 133(C), pages 1079-1093.
    12. Yang, Yalian & Hu, Xiaosong & Pei, Huanxin & Peng, Zhiyuan, 2016. "Comparison of power-split and parallel hybrid powertrain architectures with a single electric machine: Dynamic programming approach," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 168(C), pages 683-690.
    13. Wang, Yujie & Sun, Zhendong & Chen, Zonghai, 2019. "Development of energy management system based on a rule-based power distribution strategy for hybrid power sources," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 175(C), pages 1055-1066.
    14. Feng, Zhong-kai & Niu, Wen-jing & Cheng, Chun-tian & Wu, Xin-yu, 2017. "Optimization of hydropower system operation by uniform dynamic programming for dimensionality reduction," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 134(C), pages 718-730.
    15. Chen, Zeyu & Xiong, Rui & Cao, Jiayi, 2016. "Particle swarm optimization-based optimal power management of plug-in hybrid electric vehicles considering uncertain driving conditions," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 96(C), pages 197-208.
    16. Zhang, Shuo & Hu, Xiaosong & Xie, Shaobo & Song, Ziyou & Hu, Lin & Hou, Cong, 2019. "Adaptively coordinated optimization of battery aging and energy management in plug-in hybrid electric buses," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 256(C).
    17. Hou, Jun & Sun, Jing & Hofmann, Heath, 2018. "Control development and performance evaluation for battery/flywheel hybrid energy storage solutions to mitigate load fluctuations in all-electric ship propulsion systems," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 212(C), pages 919-930.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Citations

    Citations are extracted by the CitEc Project, subscribe to its RSS feed for this item.
    as


    Cited by:

    1. Liu, Teng & Tan, Wenhao & Tang, Xiaolin & Zhang, Jinwei & Xing, Yang & Cao, Dongpu, 2021. "Driving conditions-driven energy management strategies for hybrid electric vehicles: A review," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 151(C).
    2. Yang, Jibin & Xu, Xiaohui & Peng, Yiqiang & Deng, Pengyi & Wu, Xiaohua & Zhang, Jiye, 2022. "Hierarchical energy management of a hybrid propulsion system considering speed profile optimization," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 244(PB).
    3. Liu, Xinzhi & Qi, Nanjian & Dai, Keren & Yin, Yajiang & Zhao, Jiahao & Wang, Xiaofeng & You, Zheng, 2022. "Sponge Supercapacitor rule-based energy management strategy for wireless sensor nodes optimized by using dynamic programing algorithm," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 239(PE).
    4. Pablo Fernández-Yáñez & José A. Soriano & Carmen Mata & Octavio Armas & Benjamín Pla & Vicente Bermúdez, 2021. "Simulation of Optimal Driving for Minimization of Fuel Consumption or NOx Emissions in a Diesel Vehicle," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(17), pages 1-15, September.
    5. Huang, Ying & Wang, Shilong & Li, Ke & Fan, Zhuwei & Xie, Haiming & Jiang, Fachao, 2023. "Multi-parameter adaptive online energy management strategy for concrete truck mixers with a novel hybrid powertrain considering vehicle mass," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 277(C).
    6. Alcázar-García, Désirée & Romeral Martínez, José Luis, 2022. "Model-based design validation and optimization of drive systems in electric, hybrid, plug-in hybrid and fuel cell vehicles," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 254(PA).
    7. Tiande Mo & Yu Li & Kin-tak Lau & Chi Kin Poon & Yinghong Wu & Yang Luo, 2022. "Trends and Emerging Technologies for the Development of Electric Vehicles," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(17), pages 1-34, August.
    8. Bao, Shuyue & Sun, Ping & Zhu, Jianxin & Ji, Qian & Liu, Junheng, 2022. "Improved multi-dimensional dynamic programming energy management strategy for a vehicle power-split hybrid powertrain," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 256(C).
    9. Wang, Zhuang & Chen, Li & Wang, Bin & Huang, Lianzhong & Wang, Kai & Ma, Ranqi, 2023. "Integrated optimization of speed schedule and energy management for a hybrid electric cruise ship considering environmental factors," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 282(C).
    10. Guo, Xiaokai & Yan, Xianguo & Chen, Zhi & Meng, Zhiyu, 2022. "Research on energy management strategy of heavy-duty fuel cell hybrid vehicles based on dueling-double-deep Q-network," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 260(C).
    11. Du, Yi & Cui, Naxin & Cui, Wei & Li, Tao & Ren, Fei & Zhang, Chenghui, 2023. "AGRU and convex optimization based energy management for plug-in hybrid electric bus considering battery aging," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 277(C).
    12. Taghavifar, Hadi, 2021. "Fuel cell hybrid range-extender vehicle sizing: Parametric power optimization," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 229(C).
    13. Wang, Weida & Guo, Xinghua & Yang, Chao & Zhang, Yuanbo & Zhao, Yulong & Huang, Denggao & Xiang, Changle, 2022. "A multi-objective optimization energy management strategy for power split HEV based on velocity prediction," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 238(PA).
    14. Jin, Yue & Yang, Lin & Du, Mao & Qiang, Jiaxi & Li, Jingzhong & Chen, Yuxuan & Tu, Jiayu, 2023. "Two-scale based energy management for connected plug-in hybrid electric vehicles with global optimal energy consumption and state-of-charge trajectory prediction," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 267(C).
    15. Zhou, Jianhao & Xue, Yuan & Xu, Da & Li, Chaoxiong & Zhao, Wanzhong, 2022. "Self-learning energy management strategy for hybrid electric vehicle via curiosity-inspired asynchronous deep reinforcement learning," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 242(C).
    16. Yuguo Xu & Enyong Xu & Weiguang Zheng & Qibai Huang, 2023. "Hierarchical Model-Predictive-Control-Based Energy Management Strategy for Fuel Cell Hybrid Commercial Vehicles Incorporating Traffic Information," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(17), pages 1-21, August.
    17. Wilberforce, Tabbi & Anser, Afaaq & Swamy, Jangam Aishwarya & Opoku, Richard, 2023. "An investigation into hybrid energy storage system control and power distribution for hybrid electric vehicles," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 279(C).
    18. Miranda, Matheus H.R. & Silva, Fabrício L. & Lourenço, Maria A.M. & Eckert, Jony J. & Silva, Ludmila C.A., 2022. "Vehicle drivetrain and fuzzy controller optimization using a planar dynamics simulation based on a real-world driving cycle," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 257(C).
    19. Yongjian Zhou & Rong Yang & Song Zhang & Kejun Lan & Wei Huang, 2023. "Optimization of Power-System Parameters and Energy-Management Strategy Research on Hybrid Heavy-Duty Trucks," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(17), pages 1-21, August.
    20. Zhang, Zhen & Zhang, Tiezhu & Hong, Jichao & Zhang, Hongxin & Yang, Jian & Jia, Qingxiao, 2023. "Double deep Q-network guided energy management strategy of a novel electric-hydraulic hybrid electric vehicle," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 269(C).
    21. Changqing Du & Shiyang Huang & Yuyao Jiang & Dongmei Wu & Yang Li, 2022. "Optimization of Energy Management Strategy for Fuel Cell Hybrid Electric Vehicles Based on Dynamic Programming," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(12), pages 1-25, June.

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Wang, Yue & Zeng, Xiaohua & Song, Dafeng, 2020. "Hierarchical optimal intelligent energy management strategy for a power-split hybrid electric bus based on driving information," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 199(C).
    2. Yang, Jibin & Xu, Xiaohui & Peng, Yiqiang & Deng, Pengyi & Wu, Xiaohua & Zhang, Jiye, 2022. "Hierarchical energy management of a hybrid propulsion system considering speed profile optimization," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 244(PB).
    3. Zhu, Tao & Wills, Richard G.A. & Lot, Roberto & Ruan, Haijun & Jiang, Zhihao, 2021. "Adaptive energy management of a battery-supercapacitor energy storage system for electric vehicles based on flexible perception and neural network fitting," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 292(C).
    4. Xingyue Jiang & Jianjun Hu & Meixia Jia & Yong Zheng, 2018. "Parameter Matching and Instantaneous Power Allocation for the Hybrid Energy Storage System of Pure Electric Vehicles," Energies, MDPI, vol. 11(8), pages 1-18, July.
    5. Chen, Zheng & Hu, Hengjie & Wu, Yitao & Zhang, Yuanjian & Li, Guang & Liu, Yonggang, 2020. "Stochastic model predictive control for energy management of power-split plug-in hybrid electric vehicles based on reinforcement learning," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 211(C).
    6. Song, Ziyou & Li, Jianqiu & Hou, Jun & Hofmann, Heath & Ouyang, Minggao & Du, Jiuyu, 2018. "The battery-supercapacitor hybrid energy storage system in electric vehicle applications: A case study," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 154(C), pages 433-441.
    7. Liu, Xinzhi & Qi, Nanjian & Dai, Keren & Yin, Yajiang & Zhao, Jiahao & Wang, Xiaofeng & You, Zheng, 2022. "Sponge Supercapacitor rule-based energy management strategy for wireless sensor nodes optimized by using dynamic programing algorithm," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 239(PE).
    8. Hu, Lin & Tian, Qingtao & Zou, Changfu & Huang, Jing & Ye, Yao & Wu, Xianhui, 2022. "A study on energy distribution strategy of electric vehicle hybrid energy storage system considering driving style based on real urban driving data," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 162(C).
    9. Wang, Yue & Zeng, Xiaohua & Song, Dafeng & Yang, Nannan, 2019. "Optimal rule design methodology for energy management strategy of a power-split hybrid electric bus," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 185(C), pages 1086-1099.
    10. Zhu, Tao & Wills, Richard G.A. & Lot, Roberto & Kong, Xiaodan & Yan, Xingda, 2021. "Optimal sizing and sensitivity analysis of a battery-supercapacitor energy storage system for electric vehicles," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 221(C).
    11. Abd-Elhaleem, Sameh & Shoeib, Walaa & Sobaih, Abdel Azim, 2023. "A new power management strategy for plug-in hybrid electric vehicles based on an intelligent controller integrated with CIGPSO algorithm," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 265(C).
    12. Randive, Vaibhav & Subramanian, Shankar C. & Thondiyath, Asokan, 2021. "Design and analysis of a hybrid electric powertrain for military tracked vehicles," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 229(C).
    13. Peng, Hujun & Chen, Zhu & Li, Jianxiang & Deng, Kai & Dirkes, Steffen & Gottschalk, Jonas & Ünlübayir, Cem & Thul, Andreas & Löwenstein, Lars & Pischinger, Stefan & Hameyer, Kay, 2021. "Offline optimal energy management strategies considering high dynamics in batteries and constraints on fuel cell system power rate: From analytical derivation to validation on test bench," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 282(PA).
    14. Ioan-Sorin Sorlei & Nicu Bizon & Phatiphat Thounthong & Mihai Varlam & Elena Carcadea & Mihai Culcer & Mariana Iliescu & Mircea Raceanu, 2021. "Fuel Cell Electric Vehicles—A Brief Review of Current Topologies and Energy Management Strategies," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(1), pages 1-29, January.
    15. Zhu, Tao & Lot, Roberto & Wills, Richard G.A. & Yan, Xingda, 2020. "Sizing a battery-supercapacitor energy storage system with battery degradation consideration for high-performance electric vehicles," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 208(C).
    16. Koubaa, Rayhane & Bacha, Seddik & Smaoui, Mariem & krichen, Lotfi, 2020. "Robust optimization based energy management of a fuel cell/ultra-capacitor hybrid electric vehicle under uncertainty," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 200(C).
    17. Shaobo, Xie & Qiankun, Zhang & Xiaosong, Hu & Yonggang, Liu & Xianke, Lin, 2021. "Battery sizing for plug-in hybrid electric buses considering variable route lengths," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 226(C).
    18. Chen, Hui & Zhang, Zehui & Guan, Cong & Gao, Haibo, 2020. "Optimization of sizing and frequency control in battery/supercapacitor hybrid energy storage system for fuel cell ship," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 197(C).
    19. Cipek, Mihael & Kasać, Josip & Pavković, Danijel & Zorc, Davor, 2020. "A novel cascade approach to control variables optimisation for advanced series-parallel hybrid electric vehicle power-train," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 276(C).
    20. Ju, Fei & Zhuang, Weichao & Wang, Liangmo & Zhang, Zhe, 2019. "Optimal sizing and adaptive energy management of a novel four-wheel-drive hybrid powertrain," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 187(C).

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:eee:energy:v:215:y:2021:i:pa:s0360544220319587. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: Catherine Liu (email available below). General contact details of provider: http://www.journals.elsevier.com/energy .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.