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Energy management and component sizing for a fuel cell/battery/supercapacitor hybrid powertrain based on two-dimensional optimization algorithms

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  • Jiang, Hongliang
  • Xu, Liangfei
  • Li, Jianqiu
  • Hu, Zunyan
  • Ouyang, Minggao

Abstract

Optimal algorithms for energy management and component sizing play essential roles in reducing energy consumption and prolonging fuel cell durability of fuel cell electric vehicles. These two problems are usually coupled together, and it is of great importance to study. In this work, an energy consumption and durability model of a bus with a combined fuel cell, battery, and supercapacitor powertrain are introduced. A two-dimensional (2D) dynamic programing (DP) algorithm was designed to minimize energy consumption and system degradation. A real-time energy management strategy based on a 2D Pontryagin's Minimal Principle (2DPMP) was then proposed. Simulation results indicated that the proposed 2DPMP strategy can approximate the optimal strategy of dynamic programming well and showed a reduction in energy consumption and an increase in durability over other strategies. Component parameters and energy management strategy were simultaneously optimized based on the 2DPMP strategy, thus providing a set of optimal powertrain parameters on a Pareto front. Design rules for energy management strategy and component sizing were concluded from the set of optimal solutions.

Suggested Citation

  • Jiang, Hongliang & Xu, Liangfei & Li, Jianqiu & Hu, Zunyan & Ouyang, Minggao, 2019. "Energy management and component sizing for a fuel cell/battery/supercapacitor hybrid powertrain based on two-dimensional optimization algorithms," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 177(C), pages 386-396.
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:energy:v:177:y:2019:i:c:p:386-396
    DOI: 10.1016/j.energy.2019.04.110
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    3. Macias, A. & Kandidayeni, M. & Boulon, L. & Trovão, J.P., 2021. "Fuel cell-supercapacitor topologies benchmark for a three-wheel electric vehicle powertrain," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 224(C).
    4. Sun, Li & Jin, Yuhui & You, Fengqi, 2020. "Active disturbance rejection temperature control of open-cathode proton exchange membrane fuel cell," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 261(C).
    5. Fathy, Ahmed & Yousri, Dalia & Alanazi, Turki & Rezk, Hegazy, 2021. "Minimum hydrogen consumption based control strategy of fuel cell/PV/battery/supercapacitor hybrid system using recent approach based parasitism-predation algorithm," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 225(C).
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    7. Hu, Jiayi & Li, Jianqiu & Hu, Zunyan & Xu, Liangfei & Ouyang, Minggao, 2021. "Power distribution strategy of a dual-engine system for heavy-duty hybrid electric vehicles using dynamic programming," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 215(PA).
    8. Xun, Qian & Murgovski, Nikolce & Liu, Yujing, 2022. "Chance-constrained robust co-design optimization for fuel cell hybrid electric trucks," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 320(C).
    9. Nguyễn, Bảo-Huy & Vo-Duy, Thanh & Henggeler Antunes, Carlos & Trovão, João Pedro F., 2021. "Multi-objective benchmark for energy management of dual-source electric vehicles: An optimal control approach," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 223(C).
    10. Alessandro Serpi & Mario Porru, 2019. "Modelling and Design of Real-Time Energy Management Systems for Fuel Cell/Battery Electric Vehicles," Energies, MDPI, vol. 12(22), pages 1-21, November.
    11. Ghaffari, Abolfazl & Askarzadeh, Alireza, 2020. "Design optimization of a hybrid system subject to reliability level and renewable energy penetration," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 193(C).
    12. Zhang, Zhonghao & Guo, Mengdi & Yu, Zhonghao & Yao, Siyue & Wang, Jin & Qiu, Diankai & Peng, Linfa, 2022. "A novel cooperative design with optimized flow field on bipolar plates and hybrid wettability gas diffusion layer for proton exchange membrane unitized regenerative fuel cell," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 239(PD).
    13. Ju, Fei & Zhuang, Weichao & Wang, Liangmo & Zhang, Zhe, 2020. "Comparison of four-wheel-drive hybrid powertrain configurations," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 209(C).
    14. Koubaa, Rayhane & Bacha, Seddik & Smaoui, Mariem & krichen, Lotfi, 2020. "Robust optimization based energy management of a fuel cell/ultra-capacitor hybrid electric vehicle under uncertainty," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 200(C).
    15. Jianying Liang & Yankun Li & Wenya Jia & Weikang Lin & Tiancai Ma, 2021. "Comparison of Two Energy Management Strategies Considering Power System Durability for PEMFC-LIB Hybrid Logistics Vehicle," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(11), pages 1-24, June.
    16. Iqbal, Mehroze & Laurent, Julien & Benmouna, Amel & Becherif, Mohamed & Ramadan, Haitham S. & Claude, Frederic, 2022. "Ageing-aware load following control for composite-cost optimal energy management of fuel cell hybrid electric vehicle," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 254(PA).
    17. Iqbal, Mehroze & Becherif, Mohamed & Ramadan, Haitham S. & Badji, Abderrezak, 2021. "Dual-layer approach for systematic sizing and online energy management of fuel cell hybrid vehicles," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 300(C).
    18. Abulanwar, Sayed & Ghanem, Abdelhady & Rizk, Mohammad E.M. & Hu, Weihao, 2021. "Adaptive synergistic control strategy for a hybrid AC/DC microgrid during normal operation and contingencies," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 304(C).
    19. Aktaş, Ahmet & Kırçiçek, Yağmur, 2020. "A novel optimal energy management strategy for offshore wind/marine current/battery/ultracapacitor hybrid renewable energy system," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 199(C).
    20. Pan, Mingzhang & Li, Chao & Liao, Jinyang & Lei, Han & Pan, Chengjie & Meng, Xianpan & Huang, Haozhong, 2020. "Design and modeling of PEM fuel cell based on different flow fields," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 207(C).
    21. Aissa Benhammou & Hamza Tedjini & Mohammed Amine Hartani & Rania M. Ghoniem & Ali Alahmer, 2023. "Accurate and Efficient Energy Management System of Fuel Cell/Battery/Supercapacitor/AC and DC Generators Hybrid Electric Vehicles," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(13), pages 1-27, June.
    22. Kadri, Ameni & Marzougui, Hajer & Aouiti, Abdelkrim & Bacha, Faouzi, 2020. "Energy management and control strategy for a DFIG wind turbine/fuel cell hybrid system with super capacitor storage system," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 192(C).
    23. Song, Ke & Ding, Yuhang & Hu, Xiao & Xu, Hongjie & Wang, Yimin & Cao, Jing, 2021. "Degradation adaptive energy management strategy using fuel cell state-of-health for fuel economy improvement of hybrid electric vehicle," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 285(C).
    24. Yang Shen & Jiaming Zhou & Jinming Zhang & Fengyan Yi & Guofeng Wang & Chaofeng Pan & Wei Guo & Xing Shu, 2023. "Research on Energy Management of Hydrogen Fuel Cell Bus Based on Deep Reinforcement Learning Considering Velocity Control," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(16), pages 1-19, August.
    25. Yang, Zirong & Du, Qing & Jia, Zhiwei & Yang, Chunguang & Jiao, Kui, 2019. "Effects of operating conditions on water and heat management by a transient multi-dimensional PEMFC system model," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 183(C), pages 462-476.

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