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Energy analysis of two-phase secondary refrigeration in steady-state operation, part 1: Global optimization and leading parameter

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  • Pons, Michel
  • Hoang, Hong-Minh
  • Dufour, Thomas
  • Fournaison, Laurence
  • Delahaye, Anthony

Abstract

A great deal of attention is paid to secondary refrigeration as a means of reducing excessively high emissions of refrigerants (most of which have a potent greenhouse effect) due to leaks in large cooling units. Among the environmentally friendly fluids that can be used in secondary circuits for transporting and storing cold, hydrate slurries offer the advantage of significant latent heats of fusion associated with good fluidity. Research programs have focused attention on hydrate systems, including CO2, TBPB (tetra-n-butyl-phosphonium-bromide), and mixed CO2-TBPB hydrates. In addition to feasibility concerns, energy efficiency is also a crucial concern requiring an objective analysis of the improvements likely to result from these new materials. An impartial framework was thus constructed based on the principles of optimization methods. This approach was applied to these three hydrate slurries as well as to the well-known ice slurry for comparison purposes. A numerical model of secondary refrigeration system in steady state was built, on the basis of which optimized systems subjected to common external constraints can be designed for each slurry according to its thermophysical properties. Global performance can then be compared on a sound basis, which also makes it possible to identify the hydrate property that is most influential on energetic performance. Part 2 of this study is dedicated to exergy analysis and phase change kinetics.

Suggested Citation

  • Pons, Michel & Hoang, Hong-Minh & Dufour, Thomas & Fournaison, Laurence & Delahaye, Anthony, 2018. "Energy analysis of two-phase secondary refrigeration in steady-state operation, part 1: Global optimization and leading parameter," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 161(C), pages 1282-1290.
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:energy:v:161:y:2018:i:c:p:1282-1290
    DOI: 10.1016/j.energy.2018.07.055
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Zhou, H. & de Sera, I.E.E. & Infante Ferreira, C.A., 2015. "Modelling and experimental validation of a fluidized bed based CO2 hydrate cold storage system," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 158(C), pages 433-445.
    2. Zhang, P. & Ma, Z.W., 2012. "An overview of fundamental studies and applications of phase change material slurries to secondary loop refrigeration and air conditioning systems," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 16(7), pages 5021-5058.
    3. Zhang, P. & Ma, Z.W. & Bai, Z.Y. & Ye, J., 2016. "Rheological and energy transport characteristics of a phase change material slurry," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 106(C), pages 63-72.
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    1. Dufour, Thomas & Hoang, Hong Minh & Oignet, Jérémy & Osswald, Véronique & Fournaison, Laurence & Delahaye, Anthony, 2019. "Experimental and modelling study of energy efficiency of CO2 hydrate slurry in a coil heat exchanger," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 242(C), pages 492-505.
    2. Pons, Michel & Delahaye, Anthony & Fournaison, Laurence & Dalmazzone, Didier, 2018. "Energy analysis of two-phase secondary refrigeration in steady-state operation, part 2: Exergy analysis and effects of phase change kinetics," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 161(C), pages 1291-1299.
    3. Tiwari, Vipul Kumar & Kumar, Alok & Kumar, Arvind, 2019. "Enhancing ice slurry generation by using inclined cavity for subzero cold thermal energy storage: Simulation, experiment and performance analysis," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 183(C), pages 398-414.

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