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Opportunities for installed combined heat and power (CHP) to increase grid flexibility in the U.S

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  • Ahn, Hyeunguk
  • Miller, William
  • Sheaffer, Paul
  • Tutterow, Vestal
  • Rapp, Vi

Abstract

Increasing use of renewable energy requires sufficient grid flexibility to address uncertainty and variability in electricity generation. Previous studies suggest that combined heat and power (CHP) systems may support grid flexibility but they do not consider operating hours. In this paper, we used CHP operating data and determined annual and monthly availability of the installed CHP capacity from various sectors (e.g., utility, independent power producer, commercial, and industrial) in all seven U.S. independent system operators (ISOs) and regional transmission organizations (RTOs). Also, we estimated hourly CHP availability installed in five facility types (i.e., hospitals, universities, hotels, offices, and manufacturing) in the state of New York. The results show that regardless of ISO/RTO, sector, or season, more than 40% of the installed CHP capacity (0.7–8.7 GW) was not fully utilized in 2019; the results are similar for 2018. This available CHP capacity accounted for up to 9% of the ISO/RTO's peak electric demand, which may yield cost savings up to $16 billion by avoiding installation costs of new natural gas combustion or combined-cycle turbines. To exploit the available CHP capacity to enhance grid flexibility, we recommend different policy implications including flexible contract lengths between CHP owners and grid operators, improved market designs, and simplified interconnection standards.

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  • Ahn, Hyeunguk & Miller, William & Sheaffer, Paul & Tutterow, Vestal & Rapp, Vi, 2021. "Opportunities for installed combined heat and power (CHP) to increase grid flexibility in the U.S," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 157(C).
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:enepol:v:157:y:2021:i:c:s0301421521003554
    DOI: 10.1016/j.enpol.2021.112485
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    2. Eid Gul & Giorgio Baldinelli & Pietro Bartocci, 2022. "Energy Transition: Renewable Energy-Based Combined Heat and Power Optimization Model for Distributed Communities," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(18), pages 1-18, September.
    3. Melanie Werner & Sebastian Muschik & Mathias Ehrenwirth & Christoph Trinkl & Tobias Schrag, 2022. "Sector Coupling Potential of a District Heating Network by Consideration of Residual Load and CO 2 Emissions," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(17), pages 1-18, August.
    4. Takashi Owaku & Hiromi Yamamoto & Atsushi Akisawa, 2023. "Optimal SOFC-CHP Installation Planning and Operation Model Considering Geographic Characteristics of Energy Supply Infrastructure," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(5), pages 1-19, February.
    5. Pablo Benalcazar & Przemysław Kaszyński & Jacek Kamiński, 2021. "Assessing the Effects of Uncertain Energy and Carbon Prices on the Operational Patterns and Economic Results of CHP Systems," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(24), pages 1-19, December.
    6. Eardley, Scott & Choi, Jun-Ki & Hong, Taehoon & An, Jongbaek, 2024. "Decarbonization potential of regional combined heat and power development," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 189(PB).

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