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Power indices of simple games and vector-weighted majority games by means of binary decision diagrams

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  • Bolus, Stefan

Abstract

A simple game is a pair consisting of a finite set N of players and a set of winning coalitions. (Vector-) weighted majority games ((V) WMG) are a special case of simple games, in which an integer (vector) weight can be assigned to each player and there is a quota which a coalition has to achieve in order to win. Binary decision diagrams (BDDs) are used as compact representations for Boolean functions and sets of subsets. This paper shows, how a quasi-reduced and ordered BDD (QOBDD) of the winning coalitions of a (V) WMG can be build, how one can compute the minimal winning coalitions and how one can easily compute the Banzhaf, Shapley-Shubik, Holler-Packel and Deegan-Packel indices of the players. E.g. in case of weighted majority games it is shown that the Banzhaf and Holler-Packel indices of all players can be computed in expected time and in general, the Banzhaf indices can be computed in time linear in the size of the QOBDD representation of the winning coalitions. Other running times are proven as well. The algorithms were tested on some real world games, e.g. the International Monetary Fund and the EU Treaty of Nice.

Suggested Citation

  • Bolus, Stefan, 2011. "Power indices of simple games and vector-weighted majority games by means of binary decision diagrams," European Journal of Operational Research, Elsevier, vol. 210(2), pages 258-272, April.
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:ejores:v:210:y:2011:i:2:p:258-272
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Berghammer, Rudolf & Rusinowska, Agnieszka & de Swart, Harrie, 2013. "Computing tournament solutions using relation algebra and RelView," European Journal of Operational Research, Elsevier, vol. 226(3), pages 636-645.
    2. Berghammer, Rudolf & Bolus, Stefan & Rusinowska, Agnieszka & de Swart, Harrie, 2011. "A relation-algebraic approach to simple games," European Journal of Operational Research, Elsevier, vol. 210(1), pages 68-80, April.
    3. Yuto Ushioda & Masato Tanaka & Tomomi Matsui, 2022. "Monte Carlo Methods for the Shapley–Shubik Power Index," Games, MDPI, vol. 13(3), pages 1-14, June.
    4. Gusev, Vasily V., 2023. "Set-weighted games and their application to the cover problem," European Journal of Operational Research, Elsevier, vol. 305(1), pages 438-450.
    5. Gusev, Vasily V., 2020. "The vertex cover game: Application to transport networks," Omega, Elsevier, vol. 97(C).
    6. Freixas, Josep & Kurz, Sascha, 2013. "The golden number and Fibonacci sequences in the design of voting structures," European Journal of Operational Research, Elsevier, vol. 226(2), pages 246-257.
    7. Berghammer, Rudolf & Bolus, Stefan, 2012. "On the use of binary decision diagrams for solving problems on simple games," European Journal of Operational Research, Elsevier, vol. 222(3), pages 529-541.
    8. Bhattacherjee, Sanjay & Chakravarty, Satya R. & Sarkar, Palash, 2022. "A General Model for Multi-Parameter Weighted Voting Games," MPRA Paper 115407, University Library of Munich, Germany.
    9. Wilms, Ingo, 2020. "Dynamic programming algorithms for computing power indices in weighted multi-tier games," Mathematical Social Sciences, Elsevier, vol. 108(C), pages 175-192.
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    11. Somdeb Lahiri, 2021. "Pattanaik's axioms and the existence of winners preferred with probability at least half," Operations Research and Decisions, Wroclaw University of Science and Technology, Faculty of Management, vol. 31(2), pages 109-122.
    12. Vasily V. Gusev, 2021. "Set-weighted games and their application to the cover problem," HSE Working papers WP BRP 247/EC/2021, National Research University Higher School of Economics.
    13. Molinero, Xavier & Riquelme, Fabián & Serna, Maria, 2015. "Forms of representation for simple games: Sizes, conversions and equivalences," Mathematical Social Sciences, Elsevier, vol. 76(C), pages 87-102.
    14. Molinero, Xavier & Riquelme, Fabián & Serna, Maria, 2015. "Cooperation through social influence," European Journal of Operational Research, Elsevier, vol. 242(3), pages 960-974.
    15. Shuai Lin & Yanhui Wang & Limin Jia, 2018. "System Reliability Assessment Based on Failure Propagation Processes," Complexity, Hindawi, vol. 2018, pages 1-19, June.

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