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Development and validation of the chronic illness self-management (CISM) scale: Data from a young patient sample in Hong Kong

Author

Listed:
  • Ngai, Steven Sek-yum
  • Cheung, Chau-kiu
  • Ng, Yuen-hang
  • Tang, Hon-yin
  • Ngai, Hui-lam
  • Wong, Kenix Hok-ching

Abstract

The increasing prevalence of early-onset chronic illnesses is a major global health challenge. Effective chronic illness self-management (CISM) is crucial in improving the quality of life of patients. This study aims to develop a holistic instrument to measure CISM among the young patient population in Hong Kong, which has rarely been investigated in past studies. A total of 497 individuals aged 12–45 years with chronic illness completed the questionnaire. A confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) resulted in a four-factor model. The four factors include treatment adherence, health maintenance efficacy, self-stigma, and coping with stigma. The final CFA results indicated good model fit (RMSEA = 0.069, CFI = 0.907, TLI = 0.894, and SRMR = 0.059) and good factor loadings (0.636–0.843). Subgroup consistency across the gender, age, illness category, and illness severity subsamples was demonstrated. Correlation between the CISM factors and emotional and behavioral functioning variables showed good concurrent validity. The results reflected unique CISM characteristics in Hong Kong under the influence of Chinese culture and the city’s healthcare system. The development of this scale sheds light on how healthcare professionals can assess the CISM of young patients in a holistic manner.

Suggested Citation

  • Ngai, Steven Sek-yum & Cheung, Chau-kiu & Ng, Yuen-hang & Tang, Hon-yin & Ngai, Hui-lam & Wong, Kenix Hok-ching, 2020. "Development and validation of the chronic illness self-management (CISM) scale: Data from a young patient sample in Hong Kong," Children and Youth Services Review, Elsevier, vol. 114(C).
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:cysrev:v:114:y:2020:i:c:s0190740920301109
    DOI: 10.1016/j.childyouth.2020.105077
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Chen, Yijuan, 2011. "Why are health care report cards so bad (good)?," Journal of Health Economics, Elsevier, vol. 30(3), pages 575-590, May.
    2. Grady, P.A. & Gough, L.L., 2014. "Self-management: A comprehensive approach to management of chronic conditions," American Journal of Public Health, American Public Health Association, vol. 104(8), pages 25-31.
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    1. Steven Sek-yum Ngai & Chau-kiu Cheung & Yuen-hang Ng & Qiushi Zhou & Chen Chen & Xingxing Wang & Hiu-lam Ngai & Chenlian Zhang & Cong Fu & Yunjun Li, 2025. "Investigating Developmental Outcomes in School-to-Work Transitions for Youth with Chronic Disabling Health Conditions: A Social Capital Perspective Using Unconditional Quantile Regression Analysis," Applied Research in Quality of Life, Springer;International Society for Quality-of-Life Studies, vol. 20(6), pages 2255-2298, December.
    2. Ngai, Steven Sek-yum & Jiang, Shan & Cheung, Chau-kiu & Wang, Lin & Tang, Hon-yin, 2021. "Trust in mutual aid group members, self-management of chronic illness, and well-being among young patients with chronic illness in Hong Kong," Children and Youth Services Review, Elsevier, vol. 130(C).
    3. Steven Sek-Yum Ngai & Chau-Kiu Cheung & Yuen-Hang Ng & Liang Shang & Hon-Yin Tang & Hiu-Lam Ngai & Kenix Hok-Ching Wong, 2021. "Time Effects of Supportive Interaction and Facilitator Input Variety on Treatment Adherence of Young People with Chronic Health Conditions: A Dynamic Mechanism in Mutual Aid Groups," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(6), pages 1-14, March.
    4. Yeliz Karaçar & Seher Kaşlı & Kerime Bademli & Gönül Yavuz Çoşğun, 2026. "The effect of self-management and subjective recovery on social functioning in people with schizophrenia: A cross-sectional study based on a community mental health centre," International Journal of Social Psychiatry, , vol. 72(1), pages 148-159, February.

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