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Ultrafast lithium migration in surface modified LiFePO4 by heterogeneous doping

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  • Adams, Stefan

Abstract

The mechanism of the experimentally reported enhancement of lithium ion transport in LiFePO4 cathodes with glassy lithium diphosphate surface layers ultrafast (dis)charging of Li ion batteries is clarified by atomistic molecular dynamics simulations. A significant redistribution of Li+ from the phosphate glass surface layer into the subsurface LiFePO4 phase constitutes a rapid electrostatic storage component, and – more importantly – this Li+ redistribution constitutes a “heterogeneous doping” enhancing the defect concentrations on both sides of the interface. The resulting deviations from local electroneutrality qualitatively change the transport properties. For temperatures close to room temperature simulations yield an enhancement of ion mobilities in surface-modified LiFePO4 by up to three orders of magnitude via the mesoscopic multiphase effect. A layer-by-layer analysis of ion mobility in structurally relaxed heterostructures indicates a continuous variation of the mobility as a function of the distance from the interface with the maximum mobility close to the interface. For nanoparticles of suitably chosen dimensions, Li+ diffusion remains enhanced compared to bulk values even at the center of the cathode material crystallites. Moreover, the role of LiFe//FeLi antisite defects for the dimensionality of ion migration in bulk and nanostructured LiFePO4 is analyzed yielding criteria for a transition from one-dimensional to higher-dimensional long-range migration. This allows reconciling discrepancies between experimental single crystal studies and previous theoretical studies for the ordered LiFePO4 structure.

Suggested Citation

  • Adams, Stefan, 2012. "Ultrafast lithium migration in surface modified LiFePO4 by heterogeneous doping," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 90(1), pages 323-328.
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:appene:v:90:y:2012:i:1:p:323-328
    DOI: 10.1016/j.apenergy.2011.04.053
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Byoungwoo Kang & Gerbrand Ceder, 2009. "Battery materials for ultrafast charging and discharging," Nature, Nature, vol. 458(7235), pages 190-193, March.
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    1. Yang, WeiWei & Liu, JianGuo & Zhang, Xiang & Chen, Liang & Zhou, Yong & Zou, ZhiGang, 2017. "Ultrathin LiFePO4 nanosheets self-assembled with reduced graphene oxide applied in high rate lithium ion batteries for energy storage," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 195(C), pages 1079-1085.
    2. Ding, Yin & Mu, Daobin & Wu, Borong & Wang, Rui & Zhao, Zhikun & Wu, Feng, 2017. "Recent progresses on nickel-rich layered oxide positive electrode materials used in lithium-ion batteries for electric vehicles," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 195(C), pages 586-599.
    3. Tanaka, T. & Ito, S. & Muramatsu, M. & Yamada, T. & Kamiko, H. & Kakimoto, N. & Inui, Y., 2015. "Accurate and versatile simulation of transient voltage profile of lithium-ion secondary battery employing internal equivalent electric circuit," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 143(C), pages 200-210.
    4. Jhu, Can-Yong & Wang, Yih-Wen & Wen, Chia-Yuan & Shu, Chi-Min, 2012. "Thermal runaway potential of LiCoO2 and Li(Ni1/3Co1/3Mn1/3)O2 batteries determined with adiabatic calorimetry methodology," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 100(C), pages 127-131.

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