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Investigating the effect of hydrogen addition on cyclic variability in a natural gas spark ignition engine: Wavelet multiresolution analysis

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  • Sen, Asok K.
  • Wang, Jinhua
  • Huang, Zuohua

Abstract

Using wavelet-based multiresolution analysis, this study investigates the effect of hydrogen addition on cyclic variability in a natural gas spark ignition engine. The engine is operated at 3000rpm, and a lean combustible mixture with excess air ratio of 1.4 is used. Three cases are examined: natural gas with no hydrogen added, and natural gas with the addition of 23% and 40% hydrogen by volume. The time series of the indicated mean effective pressure are analyzed over 192 engine cycles. The method of maximal overlap discrete wavelet transform is used to decompose the time series into five levels with different frequency bands, each level consisting of a “detail” signal and an “approximation” signal. The root mean square amplitude of the detail signal at each level is used as a measure of cyclic variability. The results reveal that with the addition of 23% hydrogen, the root mean square value of the detail signal in each of the five bands is less than that for 100% natural gas. When the amount of hydrogen addition is increased to 40%, the root mean square value in each of the five bands is further reduced. In other words, hydrogen addition has a pronounced effect on reducing the cyclic variability of the indicated mean effective pressure.

Suggested Citation

  • Sen, Asok K. & Wang, Jinhua & Huang, Zuohua, 2011. "Investigating the effect of hydrogen addition on cyclic variability in a natural gas spark ignition engine: Wavelet multiresolution analysis," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 88(12), pages 4860-4866.
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:appene:v:88:y:2011:i:12:p:4860-4866
    DOI: 10.1016/j.apenergy.2011.06.030
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Sen, A.K. & Litak, G. & Edwards, K.D. & Finney, C.E.A. & Daw, C.S. & Wagner, R.M., 2011. "Characteristics of cyclic heat release variability in the transition from spark ignition to HCCI in a gasoline engine," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 88(5), pages 1649-1655, May.
    2. Sen, Asok K. & Zheng, Jianjun & Huang, Zuohua, 2011. "Dynamics of cycle-to-cycle variations in a natural gas direct-injection spark-ignition engine," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 88(7), pages 2324-2334, July.
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    6. Chen, Zhanming & He, Jingjing & Chen, Hao & Geng, Limin & Zhang, Peng, 2021. "Experimental study on cycle-to-cycle variations in natural gas/methanol bi-fueled engine under excess air/fuel ratio at 1.6," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 224(C).
    7. Ji, Changwei & Wang, Shuofeng & Zhang, Bo, 2012. "Performance of a hybrid hydrogen–gasoline engine under various operating conditions," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 97(C), pages 584-589.
    8. Kouchachvili, Lia & Entchev, Evgueniy, 2018. "Power to gas and H2/NG blend in SMART energy networks concept," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 125(C), pages 456-464.
    9. Woo, Seungchul & Lee, Kihyung, 2022. "Development and feasibility assessment of on-board catalytic reforming system for LPG engine to produce hydrogen in the transient state," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 327(C).
    10. Diéguez, P.M. & Urroz, J.C. & Marcelino-Sádaba, S. & Pérez-Ezcurdia, A. & Benito-Amurrio, M. & Sáinz, D. & Gandía, L.M., 2014. "Experimental study of the performance and emission characteristics of an adapted commercial four-cylinder spark ignition engine running on hydrogen–methane mixtures," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 113(C), pages 1068-1076.
    11. Yang, Li-Ping & Song, En-Zhe & Ding, Shun-Liang & Brown, Richard J. & Marwan, Norbert & Ma, Xiu-Zhen, 2016. "Analysis of the dynamic characteristics of combustion instabilities in a pre-mixed lean-burn natural gas engine," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 183(C), pages 746-759.
    12. Rudy, Wojciech & Zbikowski, Mateusz & Teodorczyk, Andrzej, 2016. "Detonations in hydrogen-methane-air mixtures in semi confined flat channels," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 116(P3), pages 1479-1483.
    13. Kimia Haghighi & Gordon P. McTaggart-Cowan, 2023. "Modelling the Impacts of Hydrogen–Methane Blend Fuels on a Stationary Power Generation Engine," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(5), pages 1-21, March.
    14. Donateo, Teresa & Tornese, Federica & Laforgia, Domenico, 2013. "Computer-aided conversion of an engine from diesel to methane," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 108(C), pages 8-23.
    15. Navarro, Emilio & Leo, Teresa J. & Corral, Roberto, 2013. "CO2 emissions from a spark ignition engine operating on natural gas–hydrogen blends (HCNG)," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 101(C), pages 112-120.
    16. Wang, Shuofeng & Ji, Changwei & Zhang, Bo & Liu, Xiaolong, 2014. "Lean burn performance of a hydrogen-blended gasoline engine at the wide open throttle condition," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 136(C), pages 43-50.

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