A review of the applications of solar photovoltaic in marine vessels and ships

The growth of the global population and economic development in various countries has increased maritime trade and transportation, resulting in higher greenhouse gas emissions. The shipping industry, recognized as the most cost-effective method of international commerce, contributes significantly to CO2, NOx, and SO2 emissions. Consequently, the demand for clean and non-polluting energy sources has become crucial. Given the advancements in photovoltaic development and the abundant availability of solar energy, utilizing solar photovoltaic energy emerges as one of the most effective solutions for clean energy. Several critical factors must be considered when implementing photovoltaic panels on marine vessels, including access to the deck, solar radiation, economic benefits, and system efficiency. Additionally, continuous efficiency improvement should be evaluated through life cycle assessments and studies on energy storage technologies. This presents an opportunity for photovoltaic panels to pave the way for a more sustainable and efficient shipping approach by reducing energy costs and minimizing reliance on fossil fuels. Solar photovoltaics are recognized as essential components in making marine transportation more economically viable and environmentally friendly. This study aims to classify and analyze existing research to address the methodological strategies employed in investigating the application of solar PV panels in marine shipping.