Research progress on the structure design of nano-silicon anode for high-energy lithium-ion battery

With the rapid development of electric vehicles (EVs) and other electronic devices, there is an increasing demand for high energy density batteries, driving the development of anode materials with higher energy density than graphite. Silicon, as the most promising candidate for the next generation of lithium-ion battery anodes, has a theoretical specific capacity nearly ten times that of graphite. Among these materials, nano‑silicon has been widely studied because of its small particle size and ability to adapt well to its drastic volume changes during the lithiation/delithiation process. However, there are relatively few articles that systematically summarize the research progress on the structural design of nano‑silicon-based anodes. This review provides a detailed overview of advancements in the structural design of nano‑silicon and summarizes the advantages of various dimensional structures, shell, pore nanostructures and surface modification of silicon-based nanomaterials. Finally, the future development trends and prospects for the large-scale application of nano‑silicon-based anodes are discussed.