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Vehicle-to-grid impact on battery degradation and estimation of V2G economic compensation

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  • Sagaria, Shemin
  • van der Kam, Mart
  • Boström, Tobias

Abstract

This study investigates the Lithium-ion battery degradation of battery electric vehicles (BEVs) and calculates the compensation cost when BEVs are used as primary energy storage systems using vehicle-to-grid (V2G) technology. We introduce a novel co-simulation interface in MATLAB Simulink, which includes a V2G model, a BEV mobility model, and a battery degradation model to estimate the BEV battery degradation. This study considers three V2G operational scenarios from the fleet perspective and three individual user profiles to examine different battery degradation levels under different scenarios. Unlike studies that analyse battery degradation for a shorter period (1 day to 1 year), with standard drive cycles under a constant C rate, the co-simulation model calculates the battery degradation with a variable C rate energy flow under multiple real-world drive cycles, variable V2G operational and participation scenarios until the end of the life of the battery, followed by the estimation of V2G economic compensation.

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  • Sagaria, Shemin & van der Kam, Mart & Boström, Tobias, 2025. "Vehicle-to-grid impact on battery degradation and estimation of V2G economic compensation," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 377(PB).
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:appene:v:377:y:2025:i:pb:s0306261924019299
    DOI: 10.1016/j.apenergy.2024.124546
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    5. Sabadini, Felipe & Madlener, Reinhard, 2025. "Does taxation hamper the vehicle-to-grid business case? Empirical evidence from Germany," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 381(C).
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    7. Liu, Guangchuan & Wang, Bo & Li, Tong & Deng, Nana & Song, Qianqian & Zhang, Jiayuan, 2025. "Multi-objective electric-carbon synergy optimisation for electric vehicle charging: Integrating uncertainty and bounded rational behaviour models," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 389(C).

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