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Optimal operation scheduling of a PV-BESS-Electrolyzer system for hydrogen production and frequency regulation

Author

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  • Maluenda, Martín
  • Córdova, Samuel
  • Lorca, Álvaro
  • Negrete-Pincetic, Matías

Abstract

As the green hydrogen industry develops, hybrid renewable power supply configurations emerge as a solution to increasing electrolyzer load factor. In particular, solar photovoltaics (PV) paired with Battery Energy Storage Systems (BESS) will provide a suitable option for continuous power supply as their investment costs continue to decline during the next decade. An opportunity arises to use the plant’s energy resources to provide grid services without hindering hydrogen production. Motivated by this, this paper presents a chance-constrained stochastic model for the optimal operation scheduling of a PV-BESS-Electrolyzer system participating in energy and ancillary services markets. Scenarios are used to account for uncertainty in solar power availability and energy content of the frequency regulation signal, and a degradation model is included to properly consider the effect of repeated battery cycling. Computational experiments using PJM market data and a realistic time frame show the benefits of the proposed model, achieving 10.2% more profits than the deterministic benchmark problem, while maintaining low failure rates in the provision of the regulation service and a similar hydrogen production compared to an off-grid standalone operation.

Suggested Citation

  • Maluenda, Martín & Córdova, Samuel & Lorca, Álvaro & Negrete-Pincetic, Matías, 2023. "Optimal operation scheduling of a PV-BESS-Electrolyzer system for hydrogen production and frequency regulation," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 344(C).
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:appene:v:344:y:2023:i:c:s0306261923006074
    DOI: 10.1016/j.apenergy.2023.121243
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    6. Huang, Chunjun & Torres, José Luis Rueda & Zong, Yi & You, Shi & Jin, Xin, 2025. "A review of alkaline electrolyzer technology modeling and applications for decision-making optimization in energy systems," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 224(C).
    7. Čović, Nikolina & Pavić, Ivan & Pandžić, Hrvoje, 2024. "Multi-energy balancing services provision from a hybrid power plant: PV, battery, and hydrogen technologies," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 374(C).
    8. Khosravi, Nima, 2025. "Enhancing operational efficiency through a control-based approach for hydrogen and battery energy storage systems integration in renewable energy networks," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 248(C).
    9. Kumar, Maneesh & Singh, Rhythm & Arora, Pratham & Bhosale, Amit, 2025. "An adaptive control strategy for DC–DC buck converter for a small-scale distributed green hydrogen production unit using SPV-battery-based off-grid system," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 255(C).
    10. Taslimi, Melika & Khosravi, Ali, 2025. "Flexibility and profitability in power-to-methanol plants: Integrating storage solutions and reserve market participation," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 327(C).
    11. Superchi, Francesco & Moustakis, Antonis & Pechlivanoglou, George & Bianchini, Alessandro, 2025. "On the importance of degradation modeling for the robust design of hybrid energy systems including renewables and storage," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 377(PD).
    12. Chenrui Duanmu & Linjun Shi & Deping Jian & Renshan Ding & Yang Li & Feng Wu, 2024. "Optimized Battery Capacity Allocation Method for Wind Farms with Dual Operating Conditions," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 16(9), pages 1-20, April.

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