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Hybridization of an internal combustion engine with a molten carbonate fuel cell for marine applications

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  • Baccioli, Andrea
  • Liponi, Angelica
  • Milewski, Jarosław
  • Szczęśniak, Arkadiusz
  • Desideri, Umberto

Abstract

This study presents a proposed hybrid ship propulsion system combining an internal combustion engine and a molten carbonate fuel cell both powered by liquefied natural gas (LNG). Exhaust from the internal combustion engine is used as a CO2 source for cell operation, reducing CO2 emissions. Use of fuel stored at very low temperature requires heat for evaporation purposes. The fuel is used to condense water vapor from the fuel cell exhaust gases, returning the remainder to the fuel cell with the right amount of water. This solution increases the electricity generation efficiency of the fuel cell. We analyzed two different system configurations that differ in the way the anode off-gas is recirculated. In the first, all the unoxidized fuel is recirculated to the anode inlet; in the second, off-gas is joined with engine flue gas, and residual fuel burned in a combustion chamber before being sent to the cathode of the fuel cell, allowing to maintain an optimal CO2:O2 ratio in the cathode flow of the fuel cell. A detailed numerical model of the system including cell operation was created in Aspen Hysys and optimized to maximize the system efficiency. Results showed that in configuration I the efficiency gain is about 4.9% with respect to the traditional engine. In configuration II the efficiency gain was only about 0.8%. We also analyzed the sensitivity of the systems from the point of view of the limitations occurring here (e.g., steam-to-carbon ratio or operating temperature). Finally, we discussed the size of such a fuel cell in relation to the internal combustion engine, the entire ship, as well as the impact of the increase in efficiency on the range of the vessel.

Suggested Citation

  • Baccioli, Andrea & Liponi, Angelica & Milewski, Jarosław & Szczęśniak, Arkadiusz & Desideri, Umberto, 2021. "Hybridization of an internal combustion engine with a molten carbonate fuel cell for marine applications," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 298(C).
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:appene:v:298:y:2021:i:c:s0306261921006188
    DOI: 10.1016/j.apenergy.2021.117192
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    Cited by:

    1. Inal, Omer Berkehan & Charpentier, Jean-Frédéric & Deniz, Cengiz, 2022. "Hybrid power and propulsion systems for ships: Current status and future challenges," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 156(C).
    2. Zhang, Yao & Salem, Mohamed & Elmasry, Yasser & Hoang, Anh Tuan & Galal, Ahmed M. & Pham Nguyen, Dang Khoa & Wae-hayee, Makatar, 2022. "Triple-objective optimization and electrochemical/technical/environmental study of biomass gasification process for a novel high-temperature fuel cell/electrolyzer/desalination scheme," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 201(P1), pages 379-399.
    3. Li, Chengjie & Wang, Zixuan & Liu, He & Guo, Fafu & Xiu, Xinyan & Qin, Jiang & Wei, Liqiu, 2023. "4E analysis of a novel proton exchange membrane fuel cell/engine based cogeneration system with methanol fuel for ship application," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 282(C).
    4. Chunhong Liu & Shisong Jiang & Hanfei Zhang & Ziyi Lu & Umberto Desideri, 2024. "China and Italy’s Energy Development Trajectories: Current Landscapes and Future Cooperation Potential," Energies, MDPI, vol. 17(4), pages 1-18, February.
    5. Fatigati, Fabio & Di Bartolomeo, Marco & Cipollone, Roberto, 2022. "Development and experimental assessment of a Low Speed Sliding Rotary Vane Pump for heavy duty engine cooling systems," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 327(C).
    6. Park, Chybyung & Jeong, Byongug & Zhou, Peilin, 2022. "Lifecycle energy solution of the electric propulsion ship with Live-Life cycle assessment for clean maritime economy," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 328(C).
    7. Li, Xiang & Wu, Junsong & Zhu, Xinyu & Liang, Huixing, 2022. "Agricultural waste-to-energy concerning a biofuel-fed molten carbonate fuel cell toward a novel trigeneration scheme; exergoeconomic/sustainability study and multi-objective optimization," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 199(C), pages 1189-1209.

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