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A solar-based sustainable urban design: The effects of city-scale street-canyon geometry on solar access in Geneva, Switzerland

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  • Mohajeri, N.
  • Gudmundsson, A.
  • Kunckler, T.
  • Upadhyay, G.
  • Assouline, D.
  • Kämpf, J.H
  • Scartezzini, J.L.

Abstract

Buildings commonly have the largest share in the energy demand of a country, but they also offer sites for the generation of solar energy. Here we develop a methodology to analyse the effects of street-canyon geometries on the solar access of street surfaces and facades of the adjacent buildings at a city scale, using the city of Geneva (Switzerland) as a case study. In particular, we measured the following geometric parameters of 1600 street canyons: orientation, width, length, sky-view factor (SVF), and asymmetric aspect ratio. Street orientation has strong effect on received annual solar radiation by street surfaces and facades. For surfaces the highest received radiation (1000 kWh m−2) is for streets oriented WNE-ESE, whereas the highest radiation for facades (1400 kWh m−2) is for those facing SSW. The maximum monthly radiation received by street surfaces is 80 kWh m−2 whereas that received by facades is 100 kWh m−2. These maximum values are reached in June and July, but surfaces receive less radiation in all the months (the difference is mostly about 20 kWh m−2). Received solar radiation, both for street surfaces and facades, shows only moderate correlations with the other measured geometric parameters, namely street width, street length, asymmetric aspect ratio, and SVF, the highest coefficient of determination (R2 = 0.55) being between received street-surface radiation and SVF. Also, street surfaces receive the highest radiation when the aspect ratio is low or the SVF high. For a street surface to receive comparatively high radiation in the months May to August, the street needs to be more than 15 m wide, have an aspect ratio of less than 2.0, and a SVF above 0.1. The results for facades in the same months are generally similar, except that they receive much more radiation than the street surfaces. A city-scale design that minimises solar access of street surfaces during summers and maximises solar access of building facades during winters contributes to thermal comfort and may be partly reached through optimisation of urban density.

Suggested Citation

  • Mohajeri, N. & Gudmundsson, A. & Kunckler, T. & Upadhyay, G. & Assouline, D. & Kämpf, J.H & Scartezzini, J.L., 2019. "A solar-based sustainable urban design: The effects of city-scale street-canyon geometry on solar access in Geneva, Switzerland," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 240(C), pages 173-190.
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:appene:v:240:y:2019:i:c:p:173-190
    DOI: 10.1016/j.apenergy.2019.02.014
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    4. Nano Langenheim & Marcus White, 2022. "Green Infrastructure and Urban-Renewal Simulation for Street Tree Design Decision-Making: Moderating Demands of Stormwater Management, Sunlight and Visual Aesthetics," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(13), pages 1-28, July.
    5. Hong Jin & Liang Qiao & Peng Cui, 2020. "Study on the Effect of Streets’ Space Forms on Campus Microclimate in the Severe Cold Region of China—Case Study of a University Campus in Daqing City," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 17(22), pages 1-20, November.
    6. Gupta, Rahul & Sossan, Fabrizio & Paolone, Mario, 2021. "Countrywide PV hosting capacity and energy storage requirements for distribution networks: The case of Switzerland," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 281(C).
    7. Lukač, Niko & Špelič, Denis & Štumberger, Gorazd & Žalik, Borut, 2020. "Optimisation for large-scale photovoltaic arrays’ placement based on Light Detection And Ranging data," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 263(C).
    8. Boccalatte, A. & Fossa, M. & Ménézo, C., 2020. "Best arrangement of BIPV surfaces for future NZEB districts while considering urban heat island effects and the reduction of reflected radiation from solar façades," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 160(C), pages 686-697.
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    10. Meng, B. & Loonen, R.C.G.M. & Hensen, J.L.M., 2022. "Performance variability and implications for yield prediction of rooftop PV systems – Analysis of 246 identical systems," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 322(C).

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