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Characterization of microencapsulated and impregnated porous host materials based on calcium chloride for thermochemical energy storage

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  • Gaeini, M.
  • Rouws, A.L.
  • Salari, J.W.O.
  • Zondag, H.A.
  • Rindt, C.C.M.

Abstract

Thermochemical heat storage in salt hydrates is a promising method to improve the solar fraction in the built environment. The major concern at this stage is liquefaction followed by washing out of active material and agglomeration into large chunks of salt, thus deteriorating the diffusive properties of the porous salt hydrate structure. In this work, specific attention is given to the methods to stabilize a sample salt hydrate. Attempts have been made to stabilize calcium chloride by impregnation in expanded natural graphite and vermiculite, and by microencapsulation with ethyl cellulose. The effect of these stabilization methods on the performance of the material, such as kinetics and energy density, is investigated. Characterization of the materials is carried out with combined Thermo-Gravitational Analysis (TGA) and Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) methods and microscopic observation, in order to evaluate the improvements on the basis of three subjects: reaction kinetics, heat storage density and stability. Within the boundary conditions for thermochemical energy storage as presented in this work, microencapsulated calcium chloride showed high multicyclic stability, compared with pure and impregnated materials, that liquefy upon hydration under the given conditions. Microencapsulated material remains stable over multiple cycles and at the same time shows the faster kinetics, but has a lower volumetric energy storage density.

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  • Gaeini, M. & Rouws, A.L. & Salari, J.W.O. & Zondag, H.A. & Rindt, C.C.M., 2018. "Characterization of microencapsulated and impregnated porous host materials based on calcium chloride for thermochemical energy storage," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 212(C), pages 1165-1177.
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:appene:v:212:y:2018:i:c:p:1165-1177
    DOI: 10.1016/j.apenergy.2017.12.131
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    7. Hui Yang & Chengcheng Wang & Lige Tong & Shaowu Yin & Li Wang & Yulong Ding, 2023. "Salt Hydrate Adsorption Material-Based Thermochemical Energy Storage for Space Heating Application: A Review," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(6), pages 1-54, March.
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    9. Wyttenbach, Joël & Bougard, Jacques & Descy, Gilbert & Skrylnyk, Oleksandr & Courbon, Emilie & Frère, Marc & Bruyat, Fabien, 2018. "Performances and modelling of a circular moving bed thermochemical reactor for seasonal storage," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 230(C), pages 803-815.
    10. Bryan Li & Louise Buisson & Ruby-Jean Clark & Svetlana Ushak & Mohammed Farid, 2024. "A Eutectic Mixture of Calcium Chloride Hexahydrate and Bischofite with Promising Performance for Thermochemical Energy Storage," Energies, MDPI, vol. 17(3), pages 1-18, January.
    11. Shkatulov, A.I. & Houben, J. & Fischer, H. & Huinink, H.P., 2020. "Stabilization of K2CO3 in vermiculite for thermochemical energy storage," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 150(C), pages 990-1000.
    12. Shkatulov, Alexandr & Gordeeva, Larisa G. & Girnik, Ilya S. & Huinink, Henk & Aristov, Yuri I., 2020. "Novel adsorption method for moisture and heat recuperation in ventilation: Composites “LiCl/matrix” tailored for cold climate," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 201(C).
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    14. El-Sheekh, Mostafa M. & Bedaiwy, Mohammed Y. & El-Nagar, Aya A. & ElKelawy, Medhat & Alm-Eldin Bastawissi, Hagar, 2022. "Ethanol biofuel production and characteristics optimization from wheat straw hydrolysate: Performance and emission study of DI-diesel engine fueled with diesel/biodiesel/ethanol blends," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 191(C), pages 591-607.
    15. Li, Wei & Klemeš, Jiří Jaromír & Wang, Qiuwang & Zeng, Min, 2021. "Numerical analysis on the improved thermo-chemical behaviour of hierarchical energy materials as a cascaded thermal accumulator," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 232(C).
    16. Benjamin Fumey & Luca Baldini, 2021. "Static Temperature Guideline for Comparative Testing of Sorption Heat Storage Systems for Building Application," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(13), pages 1-15, June.
    17. Li, Wei & Klemeš, Jiří Jaromír & Wang, Qiuwang & Zeng, Min, 2022. "Salt hydrate–based gas-solid thermochemical energy storage: Current progress, challenges, and perspectives," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 154(C).
    18. Bennici, Simona & Dutournié, Patrick & Cathalan, Jérémy & Zbair, Mohamed & Nguyen, Minh Hoang & Scuiller, Elliot & Vaulot, Cyril, 2022. "Heat storage: Hydration investigation of MgSO4/active carbon composites, from material development to domestic applications scenarios," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 158(C).

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