IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/eee/agiwat/v278y2023ics0378377423000094.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

Potential of sewage irrigation for heavy metal contamination in soil–wheat grain system: Ecological risk and environmental fate

Author

Listed:
  • Batool, Fauzia
  • Hussain, M. Iftikhar
  • Nazar, Sonaina
  • Bashir, Humayun
  • Khan, Zafar Iqbal
  • Ahmad, Kafeel
  • Alnuwaiser, Maha Abdallah
  • Yang, Hsi-Hsien

Abstract

Anthropogenic activities are major cause of environmental pollution with significant risks for human health that can lead to excessive pollutant entry into the terrestrial ecosystem. The present study was conducted to evaluate the impact of bioaccumulation of carcinogenic metals (Cd, Ni, Co, Cr), and mineral elements (Zn, Fe, Mn and Cu) in the wheat irrigated with sewage water and different environmental traits (bio-concentration factor, pollution load index, daily intake of metals, health risk index) were compared to understand the ultimate sink of these toxic metals. The Cd was in range of 2.89–3.04 mg/kg in soil. The Fe and Mn were in range of 2.87–4.16 and 1.54–1.66 mg/kg, while Zn varies from 0.18 to 1.21 mg/kg, respectively. Grain exhibit higher concentration (3.31 mg/kg) of Zn while lowest (1.02 mg/kg) of Ni. Bio-concentration factor (BCF) values of Cd, Ni, Fe and Mn being less than 1.0 indicates lower Ni, Cd, Fe and Mn concentration in grains. BCF varies from 0.46 to 0.80 mg/kg for Cd, 0.31 to 0.41 mg/kg for Ni, 0.29 to 0.44 mg/kg for Fe and 0.15 to 0.73 mg/kg for Mn. Pollution load index (PLI) of Zn and Cd was lowest and highest among the evaluated trace metals, respectively. Health risk index was highest for Zn and Cd while it was < 1 for all other metals that showed no danger to human health. Enrichment factor (EF) of Zn was highest followed by Cd while found lowest in Mn. To minimize the health risks in humans, regular monitoring of wheat crop irrigated with wastewater is highly recommended.

Suggested Citation

  • Batool, Fauzia & Hussain, M. Iftikhar & Nazar, Sonaina & Bashir, Humayun & Khan, Zafar Iqbal & Ahmad, Kafeel & Alnuwaiser, Maha Abdallah & Yang, Hsi-Hsien, 2023. "Potential of sewage irrigation for heavy metal contamination in soil–wheat grain system: Ecological risk and environmental fate," Agricultural Water Management, Elsevier, vol. 278(C).
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:agiwat:v:278:y:2023:i:c:s0378377423000094
    DOI: 10.1016/j.agwat.2023.108144
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0378377423000094
    Download Restriction: Full text for ScienceDirect subscribers only
    File URL: https://libkey.io/10.1016/j.agwat.2023.108144?utm_source=ideas
    LibKey link: if access is restricted and if your library uses this service, LibKey will redirect you to where you can use your library subscription to access this item
    ---><---

    As the access to this document is restricted, you may want to search for a different version of it.

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Reznik, Ami & Feinerman, Eli & Finkelshtain, Israel & Fisher, Franklin & Huber-Lee, Annette & Joyce, Brian & Kan, Iddo, 2017. "Economic implications of agricultural reuse of treated wastewater in Israel: A statewide long-term perspective," Ecological Economics, Elsevier, vol. 135(C), pages 222-233.
    2. Qadir, Manzoor & Scott, C. A., 2010. "Non-pathogenic trade-offs of wastewater irrigation," IWMI Books, Reports H042606, International Water Management Institute.
    3. Chen, Fu & Ma, Jing & Akhtar, Shahzad & Khan, Zafar Iqbal & Ahmad, Kafeel & Ashfaq, Asma & Nawaz, Hummera & Nadeem, Muhammad, 2022. "Assessment of chromium toxicity and potential health implications of agriculturally diversely irrigated food crops in the semi-arid regions of South Asia," Agricultural Water Management, Elsevier, vol. 272(C).
    4. Deh-Haghi, Zoherh & Bagheri, Asghar & Fotourehchi, Zahra & Damalas, Christos A., 2020. "Farmers’ acceptance and willingness to pay for using treated wastewater in crop irrigation: A survey in western Iran," Agricultural Water Management, Elsevier, vol. 239(C).
    5. Nasir Mahmood & Muhammad Arshad & Harald Kaechele & Muhammad Faisal Shahzad & Ayat Ullah & Klaus Mueller, 2020. "Fatalism, Climate Resiliency Training and Farmers’ Adaptation Responses: Implications for Sustainable Rainfed-Wheat Production in Pakistan," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 12(4), pages 1-21, February.
    6. Hussain, M. Iftikhar & Muscolo, Adele & Farooq, Muhammad & Ahmad, Waqar, 2019. "Sustainable use and management of non-conventional water resources for rehabilitation of marginal lands in arid and semiarid environments," Agricultural Water Management, Elsevier, vol. 221(C), pages 462-476.
    7. Qadir, Manzoor & Scott, Christopher A., 2010. "Non-pathogenic trade-offs of wastewater irrigation," Book Chapters,, International Water Management Institute.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Sana Khalid & Muhammad Shahid & Natasha & Irshad Bibi & Tania Sarwar & Ali Haidar Shah & Nabeel Khan Niazi, 2018. "A Review of Environmental Contamination and Health Risk Assessment of Wastewater Use for Crop Irrigation with a Focus on Low and High-Income Countries," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 15(5), pages 1-36, May.
    2. Muhammad Iftikhar Hussain & Majida Naeem & Zafar Iqbal Khan & Shahzad Akhtar & Muhammad Nadeem & Maha Abdallah Alnuwaiser & Kafeel Ahmad & Oscar Vicente & Hsi-Hsien Yang, 2022. "Cadmium (Cd) and Copper (Cu) Exposure and Bioaccumulation Arrays in Farm Ruminants: Impact of Forage Ecotypes, Ecological Sites and Body Organs," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(19), pages 1-14, October.
    3. Efthymios Rodias & Eirini Aivazidou & Charisios Achillas & Dimitrios Aidonis & Dionysis Bochtis, 2020. "Water-Energy-Nutrients Synergies in the Agrifood Sector: A Circular Economy Framework," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(1), pages 1-17, December.
    4. Yerli, Caner & Sahin, Ustun & Oztas, Taskin, 2022. "CO2 emission from soil in silage maize irrigated with wastewater under deficit irrigation in direct sowing practice," Agricultural Water Management, Elsevier, vol. 271(C).
    5. Elgallal, M. & Fletcher, L. & Evans, B., 2016. "Assessment of potential risks associated with chemicals in wastewater used for irrigation in arid and semiarid zones: A review," Agricultural Water Management, Elsevier, vol. 177(C), pages 419-431.
    6. Zalacáin, David & Martínez-Pérez, Silvia & Bienes, Ramón & García-Díaz, Andrés & Sastre-Merlín, Antonio, 2019. "Salt accumulation in soils and plants under reclaimed water irrigation in urban parks of Madrid (Spain)," Agricultural Water Management, Elsevier, vol. 213(C), pages 468-476.
    7. Suzana Samson & Robinson H. Mdegela & Anders Permin & James E. D. Mlangwa & Christopher P. Mahonge, 2017. "Obstacles to Low Quality Water Irrigation of Food Crops in Morogoro, Tanzania," Journal of Sustainable Development, Canadian Center of Science and Education, vol. 10(2), pages 1-1, March.
    8. Ilker Ugulu & Shehnaz Bibi & Zafar Iqbal Khan & Kafeel Ahmad & Mudasra Munir & Ifra Saleem Malik & Abid Ejaz & Abdulwahed Fahad Alrefaei, 2023. "Biomonitoring of Heavy Metal and Metalloid Contamination in Industrial Wastewater Irrigated Areas Using Sugar Beet ( Brassica oleracea L.)," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(12), pages 1-14, June.
    9. Seydou Zakari & Germaine Ibro & Bokar Moussa & Tahirou Abdoulaye, 2022. "Adaptation Strategies to Climate Change and Impacts on Household Income and Food Security: Evidence from Sahelian Region of Niger," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(5), pages 1-18, March.
    10. J. M. Aishwarya & R. Vidhya, 2023. "Study on the Efficiency of a Hydroponic Treatment for Removing Organic Loading from Wastewater and Its Application as a Nutrient for the “ Amaranthus campestris ” Plant for Sustainability," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(10), pages 1-13, May.
    11. Ayat Ullah & Nasir Mahmood & Alam Zeb & Harald Kächele, 2020. "Factors Determining Farmers’ Access to and Sources of Credit: Evidence from the Rain-Fed Zone of Pakistan," Agriculture, MDPI, vol. 10(12), pages 1-13, November.
    12. Saeid Ghafoori & Hossein Hassanpour Darvishi & Hossein Mohamadvali Samani & Pezhman Taherei Ghazvinei, 2021. "Enhancing the Method of Decentralized Multi-Purpose Reuse of Wastewater in Urban Area," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(24), pages 1-12, December.
    13. Regmi, Rupesh & Zhang, Zhuo & Zhang, Hongpeng, 2023. "Entrepreneurship strategy, natural resources management and sustainable performance: A study of an emerging market," Resources Policy, Elsevier, vol. 86(PB).
    14. Ghalia Saleem Aljeddani, 2022. "Reusing Sewage Effluent in Greening Urban Areas: A Case Study of: Southern Jeddah, Saudi Arabia," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(1), pages 1-15, December.
    15. Maria Ghazzal & Muhammad Iftikhar Hussain & Zafar Iqbal Khan & M. Habib ur Rahman & Abeer A. El-Habeeb & Hsi-Hsien Yang, 2022. "Chromium Poisoning in Buffaloes in the Vicinity of Contaminated Pastureland, Punjab, Pakistan," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(22), pages 1-17, November.
    16. Alfredo Valdes Ramos & Elsa N. Aguilera Gonzalez & Gloria Tobón Echeverri & Luis Samaniego Moreno & Lourdes Díaz Jiménez & Salvador Carlos Hernández, 2019. "Potential Uses of Treated Municipal Wastewater in a Semiarid Region of Mexico," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 11(8), pages 1-23, April.
    17. Sudipa Choudhury & Apu Kumar Saha & Mrinmoy Majumder, 2020. "Optimal location selection for installation of surface water treatment plant by Gini coefficient-based analytical hierarchy process," Environment, Development and Sustainability: A Multidisciplinary Approach to the Theory and Practice of Sustainable Development, Springer, vol. 22(5), pages 4073-4099, June.
    18. Payam Memarbashi & Gholamreza Mojarradi & Marzieh Keshavarz, 2022. "Climate-Smart Agriculture in Iran: Strategies, Constraints and Drivers," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(23), pages 1-24, November.
    19. Saira Naz & Francesco Fazio & Syed Sikandar Habib & Ghazala Nawaz & Sobia Attaullah & Mujeeb Ullah & Adil Hayat & Imtiaz Ahmed, 2022. "Incidence of Heavy Metals in the Application of Fertilizers to Crops (Wheat and Rice), a Fish (Common carp) Pond and a Human Health Risk Assessment," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(20), pages 1-15, October.
    20. Štefan Bojnec & Umar Daraz & Younas Khan, 2024. "Harvesting Sunlight: The Promise of Agro-Photovoltaic Fusion Systems for Sustainable Agriculture and Renewable Energy Generation," Energies, MDPI, vol. 17(13), pages 1-29, July.

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:eee:agiwat:v:278:y:2023:i:c:s0378377423000094. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: Catherine Liu (email available below). General contact details of provider: http://www.elsevier.com/locate/agwat .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.