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Plant factories; crop transpiration and energy balance

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  • Graamans, Luuk
  • van den Dobbelsteen, Andy
  • Meinen, Esther
  • Stanghellini, Cecilia

Abstract

Population growth and rapid urbanisation may result in a shortage of food supplies for cities in the foreseeable future. Research on closed plant production systems, such as plant factories, has attempted to offer perspectives for robust (urban) agricultural systems. Insight into the explicit role of plant processes in the total energy balance of these production systems is required to determine their potential. We describe a crop transpiration model that is able to determine the relation between sensible and latent heat exchange, as well as the corresponding vapour flux for the production of lettuce in closed systems. Subsequently, this model is validated for the effect of photosynthetic photon flux, cultivation area cover and air humidity on lettuce transpiration, using literature research and experiments. Results demonstrate that the transpiration rate was accurately simulated for the aforementioned effects. Thereafter we quantify and discuss the energy productivity of a standardised plant factory and illustrate the importance of transpiration as a design parameter for climatisation. Our model can provide a greater insight into the energetic expenditure and performance of closed systems. Consequently, it can provide a starting point for determining the viability and optimisation of plant factories.

Suggested Citation

  • Graamans, Luuk & van den Dobbelsteen, Andy & Meinen, Esther & Stanghellini, Cecilia, 2017. "Plant factories; crop transpiration and energy balance," Agricultural Systems, Elsevier, vol. 153(C), pages 138-147.
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:agisys:v:153:y:2017:i:c:p:138-147
    DOI: 10.1016/j.agsy.2017.01.003
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    Cited by:

    1. Marco Hernandez Velasco, 2021. "Enabling Year-round Cultivation in the Nordics-Agrivoltaics and Adaptive LED Lighting Control of Daily Light Integral," Agriculture, MDPI, vol. 11(12), pages 1-31, December.
    2. Nick ten Caat & Luuk Graamans & Martin Tenpierik & Andy van den Dobbelsteen, 2021. "Towards Fossil Free Cities—A Supermarket, Greenhouse & Dwelling Integrated Energy System as an Alternative to District Heating: Amsterdam Case Study," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(2), pages 1-33, January.
    3. Dafni Despoina Avgoustaki & George Xydis, 2020. "Plant factories in the water-food-energy Nexus era: a systematic bibliographical review," Food Security: The Science, Sociology and Economics of Food Production and Access to Food, Springer;The International Society for Plant Pathology, vol. 12(2), pages 253-268, April.
    4. Yu Haibo & Zhang Lei & Yu Haiye & Liu Yucheng & Liu Chunhui & Sui Yuanyuan, 2023. "Sustainable Development Optimization of a Plant Factory for Reducing Tip Burn Disease," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(6), pages 1-16, March.
    5. Graamans, Luuk & Baeza, Esteban & van den Dobbelsteen, Andy & Tsafaras, Ilias & Stanghellini, Cecilia, 2018. "Plant factories versus greenhouses: Comparison of resource use efficiency," Agricultural Systems, Elsevier, vol. 160(C), pages 31-43.
    6. Graamans, Luuk & Tenpierik, Martin & van den Dobbelsteen, Andy & Stanghellini, Cecilia, 2020. "Plant factories: Reducing energy demand at high internal heat loads through façade design," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 262(C).
    7. Barkat Rabbi & Zhong-Hua Chen & Subbu Sethuvenkatraman, 2019. "Protected Cropping in Warm Climates: A Review of Humidity Control and Cooling Methods," Energies, MDPI, vol. 12(14), pages 1-24, July.

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