Artificial Intelligence as a Tool for Promoting Quality Higher Education: Balancing Innovation and Pedagogical Challenges

Artificial Intelligence (AI) increasingly transforms teaching and learning in South African higher education institutions (HEIs). Its integration into academic environments has introduced innovative teaching methodologies, improved access to educational resources, and personalised learning experiences. For historically disadvantaged students, AI-driven tools offer an opportunity to bridge academic gaps by providing real-time support, adaptive learning, and broader access to quality content. Nevertheless, concerns persist regarding its impact on pedagogical effectiveness, curriculum integrity, and student engagement. While AI enhances efficiency in content delivery and administrative tasks, its role in fostering deep learning and critical thinking remains contested. Over-reliance on AI may diminish students' ability to engage in problem-solving, independent reasoning, and knowledge construction. Furthermore, disparities in access to AI tools due to digital infrastructure limitations in certain regions pose challenges to equitable learning opportunities. Academics also face difficulties adapting teaching strategies to incorporate AI while maintaining instructional quality. This study employs a qualitative content analysis approach, drawing from existing literature. The paper critically examines how AI influences assessment methods and student-teacher interactions, focusing on maintaining high educational standards. The findings will contribute to ongoing discussions on policy development in higher education, advocating for a balanced approach that leverages AI's benefits without compromising academic rigour and critical engagement by addressing both opportunities and challenges.