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El proceso de industrialización. Algunas ideas sobre un viejo debate

Author

Listed:
  • Juan José Echavarría
  • Carlos Caballero Argáez
  • Juan Luis Londoño de la Cuesta

Abstract

“La industria colombiana atraviesa por una de las peores crisis de su historia: la producción de manufacturas se encuentra estancada desde 1978, y desde 1974 viene perdiendo participación en la producción nacional. La inversión en 1982 no fue mayor a la de 1973, y el empleo generado por la mediana y gran industria ha descendido en los últimos anos hasta alcanzar el nivel de 1970. La crisis se ha hecho sentir con especial fuerza en los sectores de metalmecánica, fertilizantes y textiles, y es en parte responsable del agudo desempleo que vive el país y del lento dinamismo de la economía en su conjunto. Este trabajo intenta aportar algunas apreciaciones en el viejo debate relacionado con los problemas y la orientación del proceso de industrialización colombiano. En la primera sección se presentan argumentos en favor de la producción de manufacturas, aún cuando se sostiene que el desarrollo industrial debe guardar equilibrio con el desarrollo agrícola. En la segunda se plantea una explicación plausible de la actual crisis industrial: la caída en demanda efectiva fue el factor central de la crisis en bienes de consumo e intermedios. La tercera sección senala cómo la reactivación de la demanda efectiva es condición necesaria más no suficiente para garantizar un alto dinamismo industrial. Una "nueva" estrategia de desarrollo industrial tendría que basarse en sectores de bienes "no tradicionales" con alto potencial en términos de dinamismo y cambio técnico y, lo que podría parecer paradójico, de creación de empleo. Al final del trabajo se escogen algunos criterios de selección, y se argumenta que el país posee especiales ventajas en la producción de algunas ramas de maquinaria y equipo.”

Suggested Citation

  • Juan José Echavarría & Carlos Caballero Argáez & Juan Luis Londoño de la Cuesta, 1983. "El proceso de industrialización. Algunas ideas sobre un viejo debate," Coyuntura Económica, Fedesarrollo, vol. 13(4), pages 175-219, September.
    • Handle: RePEc:col:000438:013995
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. A. P. Thirlwall, 2015. "A Plain Man’s Guide to Kaldor’s Growth Laws," Palgrave Studies in the History of Economic Thought, in: Essays on Keynesian and Kaldorian Economics, chapter 14, pages 326-338, Palgrave Macmillan.
    2. Fajnzylber, Fernando, 1981. "Reflexiones sobre la industrialización exportadora del Sudeste Asiático," Revista CEPAL, Naciones Unidas Comisión Económica para América Latina y el Caribe (CEPAL), December.
    3. José Antonio Ocampo, 1982. "Política económica bajo condiciones cambiantes del sector externo," Revista ESPE - Ensayos Sobre Política Económica, Banco de la República, vol. 1(2), pages 7-65, September.
    4. M. Bronfenbrenner & Paul H. Douglas, 1939. "Cross-Section Studies in the Cobb-Douglas Function," Journal of Political Economy, University of Chicago Press, vol. 47(6), pages 761-761.
    5. Hicks, J. R., 1969. "A Theory of Economic History," OUP Catalogue, Oxford University Press, number 9780198811633.
    6. Mauricio Carrizosa, 1982. "El mercado de cigarrillos en Colombia: características y políticas," Coyuntura Económica, Fedesarrollo, vol. 12(2), pages 123-154, July.
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    Cited by:

    1. José Antonio Ocampo, 1989. "Ciclo cafetero y comportamiento macroeconómico en Colombia 1940 - 1987 (Continuación)," Coyuntura Económica, Fedesarrollo, vol. 19(4), pages 147-183, December.
    2. Moshe Syrquin, 1987. "Crecimiento económico y cambio estructural en Colombia : Una comparación intenacional," Coyuntura Económica, Fedesarrollo, vol. 17(4), pages 207-227, December.
    3. Jorge Iván González, 2003. "Juan Luis Londoño: ideas para la acción," Revista de Economía Institucional, Universidad Externado de Colombia - Facultad de Economía, vol. 5(8), pages 223-239, January-J.

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    More about this item

    Keywords

    Informes de Investigación; Industrialización; Desarrollo Industrial; Industria;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • O14 - Economic Development, Innovation, Technological Change, and Growth - - Economic Development - - - Industrialization; Manufacturing and Service Industries; Choice of Technology
    • O25 - Economic Development, Innovation, Technological Change, and Growth - - Development Planning and Policy - - - Industrial Policy
    • L16 - Industrial Organization - - Market Structure, Firm Strategy, and Market Performance - - - Industrial Organization and Macroeconomics; Macroeconomic Industrial Structure

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