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Flujos comerciales en los países andinos: ¿liberalización o preferencias regionales?

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  • Juan José Echavarría

Abstract

“Latinoamérica logró en diez anos "el equivalente de unas cinco rondas del GATT, seis Gramm/ Rudmans, y una mayor desregulación que la alcanzada por las administraciones Carter y Reagan juntas. La tendencia hacia un "regionalismo abierto" fue siempre vista como otro elemento (central) dentro de esta amplia estrategia, y siguió dos caminos relacionados entre sí. Las reformas domésticas unilaterales que hacían énfasis sobre el comercio y los mercados abiertos constituyeron los principales factores detrás del impulso logrado por los esquemas de integración, pero éstas también se utilizaron en algunos casos para "amarrar" las reformas unilaterales en el tiempo, tal es el caso del Arancel Externo Común (AEC) del Grupo Andino. Este documento intenta evaluar el impacto de las reformas unilaterales y plurilaterales sobre la evolución de los flujos comerciales regionales. La sección II.A y B describe brevemente la profundidad relativa y las características de las reformas unilaterales adoptadas en los mercados financieros y laborales, y analiza la profundidad y la velocidad de las reformas comerciales. La sección III presenta una breve historia de los principales desarrollos institucionales del Grupo Andino, las características del AEC y del proceso de liberalización regional entre 1990 y 1992. La segunda parte de la sección analiza las características del AEC y excepciones a la liberalización regional vigentes con anterioridad a 1990. La secciones IV A, B, C y D muestran: una breve presentación de las principales características de los flujos comerciales dentro de la región; el efecto de la liberalización unilateral. Cómo la creación de comercio dominó sobre la desviación de comercio durante 1986-1995; y especifica funciones de importaciones y sugiere que el incremento en los flujos de comercio regional. Por último, la sección V caracteriza los flujos comerciales andinos en términos de los niveles de comercio intraindustrial.”

Suggested Citation

  • Juan José Echavarría, 1999. "Flujos comerciales en los países andinos: ¿liberalización o preferencias regionales?," Coyuntura Económica, Fedesarrollo.
    • Handle: RePEc:col:000438:013503
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    Keywords

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    JEL classification:

    • F14 - International Economics - - Trade - - - Empirical Studies of Trade
    • O57 - Economic Development, Innovation, Technological Change, and Growth - - Economywide Country Studies - - - Comparative Studies of Countries
    • O54 - Economic Development, Innovation, Technological Change, and Growth - - Economywide Country Studies - - - Latin America; Caribbean
    • F10 - International Economics - - Trade - - - General
    • O18 - Economic Development, Innovation, Technological Change, and Growth - - Economic Development - - - Urban, Rural, Regional, and Transportation Analysis; Housing; Infrastructure

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