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Energiewende und größere Energieautarkie: Kann beides erreicht werden?

Author

Listed:
  • Sebastian Strunz
  • Erik Gawel
  • Hubertus Bardt
  • Andreas Seeliger
  • Sibyl D. Steuwer

Abstract

Neben dem Klimaschutz ist die Minderung der Importabhängigkeit bei fossilen Energieträgern ein Ziel der Energiepolitik Deutschlands. Wie wirkt sich die Energiewende auf die Importabhängigkeit aus? Ist eine Importabhängigkeit im Energiebereich überhaupt ein Problem? Nach Ansicht von Sebastian Strunz und Erik Gawel, Helmholtz-Zentrum für Umweltforschung, Universität Leipzig, hat die Energiewende kein »Importabhängigkeitsproblem«. So sei die in der Vergangenheit entstandene Abhängigkeit gerade von russischen Gasimporten nicht den Energiewendezielen anzulasten. Um dennoch Erdgas nicht zur »Achillesferse« der Energiewende werden zu lassen, sollte kurz- und mittelfristig eine Diversifizierung des Angebots eingeleitet sowie langfristig andere Flexibilitätsoptionen angereizt werden. Für Hubertus Bardt, Institut der deutschen Wirtschaft Köln, ist die Energiewende strukturell auf einen internationalen Ausgleich und offene Strommärkte angewiesen und kann nicht auf Grundlage der Vorstellung einer autarken Energieversorgung gelingen. Von grundlegender Bedeutung sei hier vor allem eine stärkere Europäisierung der Energie- und Strompolitik. Das Konzept der Energieautarkie zeige in die falsche Richtung. Die Chancen der internationalen Arbeitsteilung müssten genutzt werden, um die Energiewende erfolgreich gestalten zu können. Andreas Seeliger, Hochschule Niederrhein, unterstreicht, dass Wirtschaftlichkeit, Umweltverträglichkeit und Versorgungssicherheit die relevanten Zielgrößen sind und in diesem Zusammenhang die Energiewende nur ein Instrument bzw. ein Instrumentenmix ist. Auch zeige das Beispiel der USA, dass Energiewende und Energieautarkie gleichzeitig erreichbar seien. Zwar sei ein abschließendes Fazit noch nicht möglich, nach aktuellem Stand dürfte aber die Energiewende zulasten einer größeren Energieautarkie führen. Die Politik sollte deshalb bei zukünftigen Maßnahmen eine Verschiebung hin zu einer etwas ausgeglicheneren Zielgewichtung anstreben. Sibyl D. Steuwer, FU Berlin, weist ebenfalls darauf hin, dass im Zieldreieck der Energiepolitik Energieautarkie kein eigenständiges Ziel ist. Das Streben nach Energieautarkie sei vielmehr eine Strategie, um die Zielgröße der Versorgungssicherheit zu realisieren und die Abhängigkeit von Energieimporten und außenpolitischen Unsicherheiten zu minimieren.

Suggested Citation

  • Sebastian Strunz & Erik Gawel & Hubertus Bardt & Andreas Seeliger & Sibyl D. Steuwer, 2016. "Energiewende und größere Energieautarkie: Kann beides erreicht werden?," ifo Schnelldienst, ifo Institute - Leibniz Institute for Economic Research at the University of Munich, vol. 69(15), pages 03-16, August.
  • Handle: RePEc:ces:ifosdt:v:69:y:2016:i:15:p:03-16
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Mariana Mazzucato, 2015. "The Green Entrepreneurial State," SPRU Working Paper Series 2015-28, SPRU - Science Policy Research Unit, University of Sussex Business School.
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    JEL classification:

    • Q38 - Agricultural and Natural Resource Economics; Environmental and Ecological Economics - - Nonrenewable Resources and Conservation - - - Government Policy (includes OPEC Policy)
    • Q48 - Agricultural and Natural Resource Economics; Environmental and Ecological Economics - - Energy - - - Government Policy
    • F13 - International Economics - - Trade - - - Trade Policy; International Trade Organizations

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