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Place Matters: The Spatial Effects of Human Service Expenditures

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  • Never Brent

    (Department of Public Affairs, University of Missouri-Kansas City, Bloch 307 5100 Rockhill Rd, Kansas City, Missouri 64110, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland)

  • Westberg Drew

    (Department of Economices, Coe College, Cedar Rapids, Iowa, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland)

Abstract

Place matters in human services. Temporary Assistance for Needy Families (TANF) devolves spending to services, most often provided by nonprofit organizations. We argue that this devolution allows for people to “vote with their feet” (Ostrom, Tiebout, and Warren 1961: “The organization of government in metropolitan areas: A theoretical inquiry.” American Political Science Review 55:831–42) in seeking jurisdictions where there will be more spending on human services. This paper considers the spatial patterns of human service expenditures, arguing that people of lower Socio-Economic Status (SES) are less likely to benefit from higher human service spending. We use a spatial Durbin regression to indicate the effects of SES on expenditures in a home county as well as the spillover effect to surrounding counties. The results show that while human service expenditures increase as African American and Renter populations increase in a home county, they also indicate that neighboring counties free-ride on the efforts of the home jurisdiction. Likewise, as a population ages, there is a very large free-riding effect. We conclude that the decentralized TANF policy regime allows for jurisdictions to specialize in human services.

Suggested Citation

  • Never Brent & Westberg Drew, 2016. "Place Matters: The Spatial Effects of Human Service Expenditures," Nonprofit Policy Forum, De Gruyter, vol. 7(3), pages 369-388, September.
    • Handle: RePEc:bpj:nonpfo:v:7:y:2016:i:3:p:369-388:n:3
    DOI: 10.1515/npf-2015-0025
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Scott W. Allard, 2007. "The Changing Face of Welfare during the Bush Administration," Publius: The Journal of Federalism, CSF Associates Inc., vol. 37(3), pages 304-332, Summer.
    2. H. Spencer Banzhaf & Randall P. Walsh, 2008. "Do People Vote with Their Feet? An Empirical Test of Tiebout," American Economic Review, American Economic Association, vol. 98(3), pages 843-863, June.
    3. Jan K. Brueckner, 2003. "Strategic Interaction Among Governments: An Overview of Empirical Studies," International Regional Science Review, , vol. 26(2), pages 175-188, April.
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