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Policy interdependence and the models of health care devolution: “Systems or federacies”?

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  • Joan Costa‐Font
  • Laurie Perdikis

Abstract

A number of European countries have devolved health care services to subnational units. This is especially the case in unitary states that organise the health system as a national health service (NHS), where choice is not “build in” the system. This policy note argues that, in such settings, there are two distinct models of devolving authority to subnational jurisdictions: a “federacy model” where only a few territories obtain health care responsibilities (such as in the United Kingdom), and a “systems model” where the whole health system is devolved to a full set of subnational units (such as in Spain). The choice of one, or the other, influences the spatial diversity of health care activity and the extent of policy interdependence across regions. Drawing on evidence from the UK and Spain, we show that a “system model” gives rise to significant policy interdependence and lower regional dispersion than a “federacy model.” Varios países europeos han transferido los servicios de atención de la salud a unidades subnacionales. Esto es especialmente cierto en los estados unitarios que organizan el sistema de salud como un servicio nacional de salud (NHS, por sus siglas en inglés), donde la elección no está “incorporada” en el sistema. En esta nota sobre políticas se sostiene que, en tales circunstancias, hay dos modelos distintos de delegación de autoridad a las jurisdicciones subnacionales: un “modelo federativo”, en el que sólo unos pocos territorios obtienen responsabilidades en la atención de la salud (como en el Reino Unido), y un “modelo de sistemas” en el que todo el sistema de salud se delega a la totalidad de un conjunto de unidades subnacionales (como en España). La elección de uno u otro influye en la diversidad espacial de las actividades de atención de la salud y en el grado de interdependencia de las políticas entre las regiones. Mediante el uso de evidencia del Reino Unido y España, se muestra que el “modelo de sistemas” da lugar a una importante interdependencia política y a una menor dispersión regional que un “modelo federativo”. 欧州の多くの国では、医療サービスは地方行政に権限委譲されている。これは特に、保健システムを国の保健サービス (national health service: NHS)として組織する単一国家で、そこでは選択がシステムに「組み込まれて」いない。ポリシーノートである本稿では、このような状況において、地方当局への権限委譲には大きく分けて2つのモデルがあることを述べる。一つは、少数の地域のみが医療責任を負う「federacy model (連邦制モデル)」(例えば英国)であり、もう一つは、保健システム全体が完全に地方行政単位に委譲される「systems model (システムモデル)」(例えばスペイン)である。どちらを選択するかは、保健医療活動の空間的多様性と地域全体の政策相互依存の程度に影響する。本稿では、英国とスペインから得られたエビデンスを用いて、「システムモデル」が、大きな政策相互依存を生じさせ、「連邦制モデル」よりも地域間のばらつきを小さくすることを示す。

Suggested Citation

  • Joan Costa‐Font & Laurie Perdikis, 2021. "Policy interdependence and the models of health care devolution: “Systems or federacies”?," Regional Science Policy & Practice, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 13(3), pages 492-500, June.
  • Handle: RePEc:bla:rgscpp:v:13:y:2021:i:3:p:492-500
    DOI: 10.1111/rsp3.12255
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Kevin Morgan, 2002. "English Question: Regional Perspectives on a Fractured Nation," Regional Studies, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 36(7), pages 797-810.
    2. Joan Costa-Font & Gilberto Turati, 2018. "Regional healthcare decentralization in unitary states: equal spending, equal satisfaction?," Regional Studies, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 52(7), pages 974-985, July.
    3. David Prieto & Santiago Lago-Peñas, 2012. "Decomposing the determinants of health care expenditure: the case of Spain," The European Journal of Health Economics, Springer;Deutsche Gesellschaft für Gesundheitsökonomie (DGGÖ), vol. 13(1), pages 19-27, February.
    4. Rhys Andrews & Steve Martin, 2010. "Regional Variations in Public Service Outcomes: The Impact of Policy Divergence in England, Scotland and Wales," Regional Studies, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 44(8), pages 919-934.
    5. Joan Costa-Font & Ana Rico, 2006. "Vertical Competition in the Spanish National Health System (NHS)," Public Choice, Springer, vol. 128(3), pages 477-498, September.
    6. Joan Costa-Font & Ana Rico, 2006. "Devolution and the Interregional Inequalities in Health and Healthcare in Spain," Regional Studies, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 40(8), pages 875-887.
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