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Conceptualising State Capacity: Comparing Kazakhstan and Kyrgyzstan

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  • Sally N. Cummings
  • Ole Nørgaard

Abstract

Strengthening the state is central to the post‐communist reform agenda. Here, state capacity combines organisational, material and social resources and is conceptualised along four dimensions: ideational, political, technical and implementational. This conceptualisation is applied to a comparative, survey‐based analysis in 2002 of 125 medium‐ranking officials in two post‐ communist Central Asian countries, Kazakhstan and Kyrgyzstan. The findings reveal that although Kazakhstan's controlled economic reform programme and natural resources have placed it in a stronger position to develop its state capacity, important ideational, political and implementational problems pose long‐term obstacles for reform. In turn, Kyrgyzstan's early liberalisation in the absence of economic and social resources may be serving to undermine its state capacity.

Suggested Citation

  • Sally N. Cummings & Ole Nørgaard, 2004. "Conceptualising State Capacity: Comparing Kazakhstan and Kyrgyzstan," Political Studies, Political Studies Association, vol. 52(4), pages 685-708, December.
    • Handle: RePEc:bla:polstu:v:52:y:2004:i:4:p:685-708
    DOI: 10.1111/j.1467-9248.2004.00503.x
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    3. Linda Calabrese, 2024. "Diversifying Away from Extractives: The Belt and Road Initiative, Chinese Capital and Industrialisation in the Kyrgyz Republic," The European Journal of Development Research, Palgrave Macmillan;European Association of Development Research and Training Institutes (EADI), vol. 36(3), pages 601-638, June.
    4. Hafiz Syed Mohsin Abbas & Sadia Abbas & Samreen Gillani & Xiaodong Xu, 2025. "Role of Digital-Government, Regional Integration, and Government Expenditures on Public Health Services in Selected Asian Economies," Social Indicators Research: An International and Interdisciplinary Journal for Quality-of-Life Measurement, Springer, vol. 178(3), pages 1201-1225, July.
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    6. Mahony, Greg & Sadleir, Chris, 2011. "Metagovernance and the Role of Cultural Norms in the Regulation of Foreign Direct Investment: Trans-Tasman FDI Regimes," Working Paper Series 19188, Victoria University of Wellington, The New Zealand Institute for the Study of Competition and Regulation.
    7. Sojeong Kim & Adam M. Wellstead & Tanya Heikkila, 2023. "Policy capacity and rise of data‐based policy innovation labs," Review of Policy Research, Policy Studies Organization, vol. 40(3), pages 341-362, May.

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