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Less Livestock in North‐western Europe? Discourses and Drivers Behind Livestock Buyout Policies

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  • Daan Boezeman
  • David de Pue
  • Morten Graversgaard
  • Stefan Möckel

Abstract

Direct intervention in the size of livestock numbers is not considered a main option in European agri‐environmental policies nor in policy studies. Nevertheless, the governments of the Netherlands and Flanders (Belgium) have announced livestock buyout schemes. This article contributes to the scarce literature on this policy instrument by sketching the characteristics of different types of buyout schemes. We analyse how the issue of reducing livestock numbers is being framed in four EU Member States with high livestock dense regions: the Netherlands, Belgium (Flanders), Denmark and Germany. While the debate on ‘technology versus volume’ can be observed in all four countries, the ‘nitrogen crises’ in the first two has led to a reframing of concerns over livestock numbers in relation to place‐based deterioration of habitats and the possibility of granting permits for new economic activities, rather than as a global issue of mitigating climate change. Pre‐existing institutional frameworks influence the introduction and design of new buyout policies. In the context of high political pressure, existing policies to close down farms were reinforced and nutrient emission rights systems offered the opportunity to take production rights out of the market. Notwithstanding the policies and available budgets, the issue of direct intervention to reduce livestock numbers remains controversial. L'intervention directe sur la taille du cheptel n'est considérée comme une option principale ni dans les politiques agro‐environnementales européennes ni dans les études sur l'action publique. Néanmoins, les pouvoirs publics des Pays‐Bas et de la Belgique (Flandre) ont annoncé des programmes de rachat de bétail. Cet article apporte une contribution aux rares études publiées sur cet instrument de politique en esquissant les caractéristiques des différents types de programmes de rachat. Nous analysons comment la question de la réduction du cheptel est posée dans quatre États membres de l'Union européenne à forte densité animale: les Pays‐Bas, la Belgique (Flandre), le Danemark et l'Allemagne. Alors que le débat ‘technologie contre volume’ peut être observé dans les quatre pays, les ‘crises de l'azote’ dans les deux premiers ont conduit à un recadrage des préoccupations concernant la taille du cheptel en les liant à la détérioration localisée des habitats et la possibilité d'accorder des permis pour de nouvelles activités économiques, plutôt qu'en les considérant comme un problème mondial d'atténuation du changement climatique. Les cadres institutionnels préexistants influencent l'introduction et la conception de nouvelles politiques de rachat. Dans un contexte de fortes pressions politiques, les mesures existantes de fermeture d'exploitations agricoles ont été renforcées et les systèmes de droits d'émission de nutriments ont offert la possibilité de retirer les droits de production du marché. Nonobstant les politiques et les budgets disponibles, l'intervention directe pour réduire la taille du cheptel reste une question controversée. Direkte Eingriffe in die Größe der Viehbestände werden weder in der europäischen Agrarumweltpolitik noch in politischen Studien als eine zentrale Möglichkeit betrachtet. Dennoch haben die Regierungen der Niederlande und Flanderns (Belgien) Programme zum Rückkauf von Viehbeständen angekündigt. Dieser Artikel trägt zur spärlichen Literatur über dieses politische Instrument bei, indem er die Merkmale verschiedener Arten von Aufkaufprogrammen aufzeigt. Wir analysieren, wie eine Reduzierung der Viehbestände in vier EU‐Mitgliedstaaten mit Regionen mit hohen Bestandsdichten dargestellt wird: die Niederlande, Belgien (Flandern), Dänemark und Deutschland. In allen vier Ländern ist die Debatte ‘Technologie gegenüber Menge’ zu beobachten. Allerdings hat die ‘Stickstoffkrise’ in den beiden erstgenannten Ländern dazu geführt, dass die Bedenken hinsichtlich der Viehbestände neu bewertet wurden. Damit wurde der Fokus auf die regionale Verschlechterung von Lebensräumen und die Möglichkeit der Erteilung von Genehmigungen für wirtschaftliche Aktivitäten gelegt, anstatt sie als globales Problem der Eindämmung des Klimawandels zu betrachten. Vorhandene institutionelle Rahmenbedingungen beeinflussen die Einführung und Gestaltung neuer Aufkaufprogramme. Vor dem Hintergrund des hohen politischen Drucks wurden bestehende Maßnahmen zur Stilllegung von Betrieben verstärkt und Nährstoffemissionsrechte eröffneten die Möglichkeit, Produktionsrechte aus dem Markt zu nehmen. Ungeachtet der politischen Maßnahmen und der verfügbaren Haushaltsmittel bleibt die Frage der direkten Intervention zur Reduzierung der Viehbestände umstritten.

Suggested Citation

  • Daan Boezeman & David de Pue & Morten Graversgaard & Stefan Möckel, 2023. "Less Livestock in North‐western Europe? Discourses and Drivers Behind Livestock Buyout Policies," EuroChoices, The Agricultural Economics Society, vol. 22(2), pages 4-12, August.
  • Handle: RePEc:bla:eurcho:v:22:y:2023:i:2:p:4-12
    DOI: 10.1111/1746-692X.12399
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